Mitral Stenosis
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral stenosis Etiology o Rheumatic (nearly all adult Ms) Oother etiologies are very rare V Degenerative(Mitral valve annular calcification, elderly) Y Congenital (parachute MV), MStatrial septal defect=Lutembacher syndrome v Others: post-inflammatory, metabolic syndromes, other causes of Lv inflow obstr, atrial myxoma, LA ball thrombus, cor triatriatum, etc
Mitral Stenosis ⚫ Rheumatic (nearly all adult MS) ⚫other etiologies are very rare: ✓ Degenerative (Mitral valve annular calcification,elderly) ✓ Congenital (parachute MV), MS+atrial septal defect=Lutembacher syndrome. ✓Others: post-inflammatory, metabolic syndromes , Other causes of LV inflow obstr.,atrial myxoma, LA ball thrombus, cor triatriatum. etc. Etiology
AVOT AoV Left parastemal long ads view valve Ant leaflet PLePosterior leaflet Aortic RVOT av∈ Left LVOT atrium Stenotic Left mitral ventricle valve
MITRAL STENOSIS-Pathology Fusion of the Posterior Cusp comissures, Cusps or Mitral chords annulus Anterion Contracture and cusp thickening of the cusps. Chordae tendinae Shortening and fusion of Papillary the chordae tendinae muscles Funnel -shaped orifice
MITRAL STENOSIS-Pathology Mitral annulus Anterior cusp Posterior cusp Chordae tendinae Papillary muscles Fusion of the comissures, cusps or chords. Contracture and thickening of the cusps. Shortening and fusion of the chordae tendinae. Funnel –shaped orifice
Mitral stenosis overview Definition: Obstruction of LV inflow that prevents proper filling during diastole Normal M∨Area:4-6cm Transmitral gradients and symptoms begin at areas less than 2 cm2 Rheumatic carditis is the predominant cause Prevalence and incidence: decreasing due to a reduction of rheumatic heart disease
Mitral Stenosis Overview • Definition: Obstruction of LV inflow that prevents proper filling during diastole • Normal MV Area: 4-6 cm2 • Transmitral gradients and symptoms begin at areas less than 2 cm2 • Rheumatic carditis is the predominant cause • Prevalence and incidence: decreasing due to a reduction of rheumatic heart disease