made comp arisons between the structure of man and the apes. this led some scientists to believe that man is a direct descendant of gorillas and chimpanzees. These scientists said that fossil remains of a creature halfway between man and the apes, a"missing link must exist At the time Darwin wrote, there were no known pre-human fossils of any kind, but in the last 70 years they have tumed up in ever greater numbers. The fossils possess both human and apelike characteristics, in varying degrees, but only one fitted the picture of the famed "missing link". It was discovered in 1912 in England. Popularly known as the Piltdown Man, the fossil had a human cranium and an apelike jaw. Now wonder, for the fossil was a fake put together with the skull of a man and the jaw of an ape. The fake was not discovered until 1953 making it the most successful hoax in scientific history Today we know that there is no"missing link". Instead, we have a picture of men and apes sitting on near-by but separate branches of the same evolutionary tree. Actually, modern apes-the gorilla, chimpanzee, and orangutan did not appear in their present forms until relatively recently. Back some 20 million ye ars ago, a common ancestor, from which both man and the apes emerged, probably did exist. But thereafter the branches leading to man and ape diverged 1. This passage is mainly about A)Darwin B)man's origin C) pre-human fossils D)the“ Piltdown 2. Man is descended from A) the apes B) the"missing link C)an unknown ancestor D)the" piltdown man” 3. Fossils discovered in the past 70 years A)combine human and apelike characteristics B )fit the picture of the"missing link C)possess human craniums and apelike jaws D) tend to cast doubt on darwins theories 4. According to the passage, the gorillas you might see in a Z00
made comparisons between the structure of man and the apes. This led some scientists to believe that man is a direct descendant of gorillas and chimpanzees. These scientists said that fossil remains of a creature halfway between man and the apes, a “missing link” must exist. At the time Darwin wrote, there were no known pre-human fossils of any kind, but in the last 70 years they have turned up in ever greater numbers. The fossils possess both human and apelike characteristics, in varying degrees, but only one fitted the picture of the famed “missing link”. It was discovered in 1912 in England. Popularly known as the “Piltdown Man”, the fossil had a human cranium and an apelike jaw. Now wonder, for the fossil was a fake put together with the skull of a man and the jaw of an ape. The fake was not discovered until 1953 making it the most successful hoax in scientific history. Today we know that there is no “missing link”. Instead, we have a picture of men and apes sitting on near-by but separate branches of the same evolutionary tree. Actually, modern apes-the gorilla, chimpanzee, and orangutan did not appear in their present forms until relatively recently. Back some 20 million years ago, a common ancestor, from which both man and the apes emerged, probably did exist. But thereafter the branches leading to man and ape diverged. 1. This passage is mainly about______________________. A) Darwin B) man’s origin C) pre-human fossils D) the “Piltdown Man” 2. Man is descended from______________________. A) the apes B) the “missing link” C) an unknown ancestor D) the “piltdown man” 3. Fossils discovered in the past 70 years______________________. A) combine human and apelike characteristics B) fit the picture of the “missing link” C) possess human craniums and apelike jaws D) tend to cast doubt on Darwin’s theories 4. According to the passage, the gorillas you might see in a zoo______________________
A)are ancestors of man B)have existed in their present from for 20 million years C)emerged from the same evolutionary branch as man D)are a fairly recent evolutionary development 5.a hoax is a A)discovery B) pre-human fossil C)mystery fake Passage twelve Modem scientists divide the process of dying into two phases-clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be revived. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disintegration of vital cells and tissues. Death is then irreversible and final cientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can be reanimated before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep. By slowing down the body s metabolism, cooling delays the processes leading to biological death To illustrate how this works, scientist performed an experiment on a six-year-old female baboon called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery. The monkey's blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and respiration stopped; clinical death set in. for twenty minutes Kate remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and start artificial respiration. After two minutes the baboon's heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous respiration began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal 1. This passage focuses on
A) are ancestors of man B) have existed in their present from for 20 million years C) emerged from the same evolutionary branch as man D) are a fairly recent evolutionary development 5. A “hoax” is a ______________________. A) discovery B) pre-human fossil C) mystery D) fake Passage Twelve Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two phases-clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be revived. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disintegration of vital cells and tissues. Death is then irreversible and final. Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can be reanimated before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep. By slowing down the body’s metabolism, cooling delays the processes leading to biological death. To illustrate how this works, scientist performed an experiment on a six-year-old female baboon called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery. The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and respiration stopped; clinical death set in. for twenty minutes Kate remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and start artificial respiration. After two minutes the baboon’s heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous respiration began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal. 1. This passage focuses on______________________
A the difference between biological and clinical death B)the process of dying C)prolonging the period of clinical death D)the nature of clinical death 2 One characteristic of clinical death is A)lasting damage to the lungs B)destruction of the tissues C)temporary non-functioning of the heart D) that the organism cannot be reanimated 3. According to the passage, cooling an organism A) speeds up the bodys metabolism B)retards disintegration of body tissues C) prevents damage to organs D)revives damage organs 4. Keta in the experiment is A)a girl B)a medicine C)a tree D)a monkey 5. One possible benefit of the experiment discussed in the passage is A)less crowded cities B)victoryover death C)protection against fatal injury D)fewer death from heart attacks Passage Thirteen Taste is such a subjective matter that we dont usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyones preference is that it's one person,'s opinion. But because the two big cola companies-Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we've wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand yalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identif ied themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: find your brand in a blind tasting We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic or Pepsi, Diet Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought theyd have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand. We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi, then we analyzed the records statistically to
A) the difference between biological and clinical death B) the process of dying C) prolonging the period of clinical death D) the nature of clinical death 2. One characteristic of clinical death is ______________________. A) lasting damage to the lungs B) destruction of the tissues C) temporary non-functioning of the heart D) that the organism cannot be reanimated 3. According to the passage, cooling an organism ______________________. A) speeds up the body’s metabolism B) retards disintegration of body tissues C) prevents damage to organs D) revives damage organs 4. “Keta” in the experiment is ______________________. A) a girl B) a medicine C) a tree D) a monkey 5. One possible benefit of the experiment discussed in the passage is __________________. A) less crowded cities B) victory over death C) protection against fatal injury D) fewer death from heart attacks Passage Thirteen Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone’s preference is that it’s one person’s opinion. But because the two big cola companies-Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we’ve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: find your brand in a blind tasting. We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic or Pepsi, Diet Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they’d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand. We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi, then we analyzed the records statistically to
compare the participants choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identif ied their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse-only 7 of 27 identified all four samples correctly While both group made the wrong choice two or more times, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price 1. According to the passage the preference test was carried out in order to A) find out the role taste preference plays in a person's drinking B )reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers C)show that a persons opinion about taste is mere guess-work D) compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks 2. The statistics recorded in the preference tests show A) Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people's two most favorite drinks B)there is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi C)few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi D) people's tastes differ from one another 3. It is implied in the first paragraph that A) the purpose of taste tests is to improve the sale of colas B)the improvement of quantity is the chief concern of the two cola companies C) the competition between the two colas is very strong D)blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans 4. The word "burnout(Line 4, Para. 5)here refers to state of A) being seriously burnt in the skin B)being unable to burn for lack of power
compare the participants’ choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished. Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse-only 7 of 27 identified all four samples correctly. While both group made the wrong choice two or more times, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price. 1. According to the passage the preference test was carried out in order to ______________. A) find out the role taste preference plays in a person’s drinking B) reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers C) show that a person’s opinion about taste is mere guess-work D) compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks 2. The statistics recorded in the preference tests show__________________. A) Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people’s two most favorite drinks B) there is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi C) few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi D) people’s tastes differ from one another 3. It is implied in the first paragraph that__________________. A) the purpose of taste tests is to improve the sale of colas B) the improvement of quantity is the chief concern of the two cola companies C) the competition between the two colas is very strong D) blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans 4. The word “burnout” (Line 4, Para.5) here refers to state of __________________. A) being seriously burnt in the skin B) being unable to burn for lack of power
C)being terribly damaged by fire D)being unable to function because of too much use 5. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to A) show that taste preference is highly subjective B)argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy C)emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other D)recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas Passage fourteen If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, the have only themselves to blame because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each ye ar to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Dresses are lengthened or shortened. Neck lines are lowered or raised and so on lo one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are hardly concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right There can hardly be a man who hasnt at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated
C) being terribly damaged by fire D) being unable to function because of too much use 5. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to __________________. A) show that taste preference is highly subjective B) argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy C) emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other D) recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas Passage fourteen If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, the have only themselves to blame, because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Dresses are lengthened or shortened. Neck lines are lowered or raised and so on. No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are hardly concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes. When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated