上游充通大￥ 其它可能替代水的极性溶剂 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Table 6.1 Some physical properties of water and other polar compounds relevant to their solvent capabilities. Property H2O NHa HCN HF H2S CH3OH N2H4 Molecular Weight 18.01517.031 27.02 20.01 34.08 32.04 32.05 Density (g/ml) 0.997 0.696 0.684 0.818 1.393 0.793 1.004 Melting Point (C at 1 bar) 0.00 -77.73 -13.29 -83.35-85.5 -94 1.6 Boiling Point (C at 1 bar) 100.0 -33.33 26.0 20.0 -59.6 65 113.5 Range of Liquid(°Cat 100 44.4 39.3 103.4 25.9 159 111 1bar) Critical Temp.(C) 374 132 184 188 100 240 380 Critical Pressure (bar) 215 111 54 64.8 88 78 14.2 Enthalpy of Fusion(kJ/mol) 6.0 5.7 8.4 4.6 2.4 2.2 12.7 Enthalpy of Vaporization 40.7 23.3 25.2 30.3 18.7 40.5 40900 (kJ/mol) Dielectric Constant 80.1 16.6 114.9 83.6 5.9 354(at13°C) 51.7 Viscosity (10-3 P) 9.6 2.7(at-34C) 2.0(at20°C) 4.3 4.3(at-61°C)5.9 9.8 Dipole moment (D) 1.85 1.47 2.99 1.83 0.98 1.6 1.9 Notes:Data from CRC (2001),Dean (1992),Firsoff(1963),Merck Research Labs (1996),Moeller (1957). http://www.trimen.pl/witek/ciecze/old liquids.html,and http://www.flexwareinc.com/gasprop.htm
Shanghai Jiao Tong University 其它可能替代水的极性溶剂
作为候选溶剂的液态下温度范围(@1Br以 Hydrazine Water HCN Ammonia HF H2S Methanol Ethane Methane 0 X -200 -150 -100 .50 0 100 150 Temperature(C)
作为候选溶剂的液态下温度范围 (@ 1Bar)
上游充通大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong Unive Hydrocyanic氰氢的Acid In the HCN world,HCN polymer came first,giving rise simultaneously to polypeptides and polynucleotides,precursors of proteins(enzymes)and nucleic acids (both DNA and RNA). This is an argument from abundance,given the ease of formation in our Milky Way Galaxy both of HCN and its polymers.It seems,then,that primitive Earth,perhaps a billion years old,became covered with HCN polymers,as well as other organic compounds,through bombardment or by photochemical reactions in the atmosphere.In an aqueous reducing environment,life emerged from this vital dust,woven out of air by light (Metthews,2004)
Shanghai Jiao Tong University In the HCN world, HCN polymer came first, giving rise simultaneously to polypeptides and polynucleotides, precursors of proteins (enzymes) and nucleic acids (both DNA and RNA). This is an argument from abundance, given the ease of formation in our Milky Way Galaxy both of HCN and its polymers. It seems, then, that primitive Earth, perhaps a billion years old, became covered with HCN polymers, as well as other organic compounds, through bombardment or by photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. In an aqueous reducing environment, life emerged from this vital dust, woven out of air by light (Metthews, 2004). Hydrocyanic氰氢的 Acid
上海充通大学 HCN World Shanghai Jiao Tong University H N NH, N DIAMINOMALEONITRILE POLYAMINOCYANOMETHYLENE NH2 NH NH2 BLACK HCN POLYMERS (AZULMIC ACID) diaminomaleonitrile Matthews,2004 NH2 aminomalononitrile POLYAMINOMALONONITRILE HETEROPOLYAMIDINES
Shanghai Jiao Tong University N N NH2 NH2 diaminomaleonitrile N N NH2 aminomalononitrile Matthews, 2004 HCN World
上游充通大￥ ghai Jiao Tong University Syntheses of Proteins in Water and Ammonia Baths H H Water-Based OH +H2O H H Ammonia-Based +NH3 Liquid ammonia presents an opportunity for microbial life on more colder bodies. Ammonia dissolved in water may acted as antifreeze in Titan's ocean
Shanghai Jiao Tong University N C H H C O O H H H N C H H C O O H H + H N C H H C O N H H C H H H C O OH + H2O N C H H C O N H H H H N C H H C O N H H H H + N C H H C O N H H C H H H C O N H H + NH3 Water-Based Ammonia-Based Liquid ammonia presents an opportunity for microbial life on more colder bodies. Ammonia dissolved in water may acted as antifreeze in Titan’s ocean. Syntheses of Proteins in Water and Ammonia Baths