五月花号 五月花”号是英国3桅盖伦船，长 19.50米，宽7.95米，吃水3.35米， 排水量180吨，于1615年下水。 1620年9月16日102名包括清教徒 在内的搭客登上名叫五月花号的 木制帆船，从英格兰出发，于11 月11日在科德角附近靠岸（均按 儒略历)66天的航程只有一人死 去，且诞生了一名婴孩，所以仍 然维持102名抵达目的地
五月花号 五月花”号是英国3桅盖伦船，长 19.50米, 宽7.95米, 吃水3.35米， 排水量180吨，于1615年下水。 1620年9月16日102名包括清教徒 在内的搭客登上名叫五月花号的 木制帆船，从英格兰出发，于11 月11日在科德角附近靠岸（均按 儒略历）66天的航程只有一人死 去，且诞生了一名婴孩，所以仍 然维持102名抵达目的地
海洋科学的发端 80.160°1401201008060g40220 80 专ARC OCE 60 60 40 40 20 20 ATLANTIC PACIFIC PACIFIC OCEAN 0 Equator OCEAN 0 OCEAN 20 20 60 60 Antarctic Circle Cook's first voyage 1768-71 Cook's second voyage 1772-75 Cook's third voyage 1776-80 Copyright 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall,Inc
海洋科学的发端 James Cook 船长(1728-1779) Ships HMS Endeavour, Resolution, Adventure 完成太平洋上众多岛屿绘图 系统测量海洋性质 海洋经度测量
Modern era of oceanographic exploration (1700s- James Cook on the Endeavour,Resolution, and Adventure Charles Darwin on the Beagle James Clark Ross and John Ross on the Victory,the Isabella,and the Erebus Edmond Halley (trade-winds and monsoons) Benjamin Franklin (Gulf Stream) Knowledge from measurements ☐Wind system Temperature Currents Waves Marine lives
Modern era of oceanographic exploration (1700s - James Cook on the Endeavour, Resolution, and Adventure Charles Darwin on the Beagle James Clark Ross and John Ross on the Victory, the Isabella, and the Erebus Edmond Halley (trade-winds and monsoons) Benjamin Franklin (Gulf Stream) Knowledge from measurements Wind system Temperature Currents Waves Marine lives
Modern oceanographic exploration (1873-1914) Tracks of3 James Cook's HM Bark Endeayou (168-71 expeditions HM8 Resolution (1772 HMS)Discovery(1776-79) Early Sci.Explorations Challenge expedition Gazelle expedition Fram expedition H.M.S:Challenger (1872-1876) Observations (water column) Meteorology(气象学) Physics Chemistry Biology Geology
Modern oceanographic exploration (1873-1914) Early Sci. Explorations • Challenge expedition • Gazelle expedition • Fram expedition Observations (water column) Meteorology（气象学） Physics Chemistry Biology Geology Tracks of 3 James Cook’s expeditions HM Bark Endeavou (1768–71) HMS Resolution r (1772– HMS Discovery 75) (1776–79) H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876)
160140120098060-4020029409060192120140160 0 ATLANTIC OCEAN PACIFIC 20 20 OCEAN PA CIF/C Galipagos Islands Sept-Oct.1835 OCEAN Equator ATLANTIC INDIAN Arrival in Brazil. Feb.1832 20 OCEAN OCEAN 0 June18,1836 0 1,500 3.000Mle o 1.500 3.000 Kilometers 达尔文的发现之旅：1831.12.27-1836.8.2
达尔文的发现之旅：1831.12.27-1836.8.2