Etiology Obstetric complications 3Placenta abnormalities >Placenta previa,abruptio placenta BDiabetes,hypertension BPolyhydramnios,oligohydramnios Premature rupture of membrane BMultiple gestation Previous laceration of cervix or uterus BShort interval between pregnancies (<3months)
Etiology Obstetric complications Placenta abnormalities ➢Placenta previa, abruptio placenta Diabetes, hypertension Polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios Premature rupture of membrane Multiple gestation Previous laceration of cervix or uterus Short interval between pregnancies (<3months) 6
Etiology Medical complications Infection >Decidua,fetal membrane,amniotic fluid,urinary tract infection BConization of cervix BHeavy cigarette smoking BAlcoholism or drug addiction Maternal trauma BSevere anemia
Etiology Medical complications Infection ➢Decidua, fetal membrane, amniotic fluid, urinary tract infection Conization of cervix Heavy cigarette smoking Alcoholism or drug addiction Maternal trauma Severe anemia 7
Etiology Surgical complication Any intra-abdominal procedure Genital tract anomalies BIncompetent cervix SUterine anomalies >Bicornuate,unicornuate uterus, subseptate
Etiology Surgical complication Any intra-abdominal procedure Genital tract anomalies Incompetent cervix Uterine anomalies ➢Bicornuate, unicornuate uterus, subseptate 8
Diagnosis Clinical manifestation BUterine contractions >Persistent lower abdominal cramping or discomfortable >Regular,twice during a 10 min, duration is 30 seconds lasting for 30min >Distinction of true and false labor BEffacement and dilation of cervix >2cm or 80%effaced
Diagnosis Clinical manifestation Uterine contractions ➢Persistent lower abdominal cramping or discomfortable ➢Regular, twice during a 10 min, duration is 30 seconds lasting for 30min ➢Distinction of true and false labor Effacement and dilation of cervix ➢2cm or 80% effaced 9
Closed Open cervix cervix Digital examination is the traditional method used to detect cervical maturation,but quantifying these changes is often difficult. 10
Digital examination is the traditional method used to detect cervical maturation, but quantifying these changes is often difficult. 10