What is 8? 8 is the minimum difference between groups that is judged to be clinically important Minimal effect which has clinical relevance in the management of patients a The anticipated effect of the new treatment (larger)
What is ? ◼ is the minimum difference between groups that is judged to be clinically important ◼ Minimal effect which has clinical relevance in the management of patients ◼ The anticipated effect of the new treatment (larger)
The Choice of a and B depend on the medical and practical consequences of the two kinds of errors prior plausibility of the hypothesis the desired impact of the results
The Choice of and depend on: ◼ the medical and practical consequences of the two kinds of errors ◼ prior plausibility of the hypothesis ◼ the desired impact of the results
The choice of a andβ a=0.10 and B=0. 2 for preliminary trials that are likely to be replicated aa=0.ol and B=0.05 for the trial that are unlikely replicated ■=β if both test and control treatments are new, about equal in cost and there are good reasons to consider them both relatively safe
The Choice of and ◼ =0.10 and =0.2 for preliminary trials that are likely to be replicated. ◼ =0.01 and =0.05 for the trial that are unlikely replicated. ◼ = if both test and control treatments are new, about equal in cost, and there are good reasons to consider them both relatively safe
The Choice of a andβ d a>B if there is no established control treatment and test treatment is relatively inexpensive,easy to apply and is not known to have any serious side effects a<B (the most common approach 0.05 and 0, 2)if the control treatment is already widely used and is known to be reasonably safe and effective whereas the test treatment is new, costly, and produces serious side effects
The Choice of and ◼ > if there is no established control treatment and test treatment is relatively inexpensive, easy to apply and is not known to have any serious side effects. ◼ < (the most common approach 0.05 and 0,2)if the control treatment is already widely used and is known to be reasonably safe and effective, whereas the test treatment is new,costly, and produces serious side effects
1.2 SSC for Continuous outcome Variables H:δ=μc-μ=0 ■HA:δ=c-1≠0 If the variance in known ■If If z>Za ho will be rejected at the a level of signIficance
1.2 SSC for Continuous Outcome Variables ◼ H0 : =C -I=0 ◼ HA : =C -I0 ◼ If the variance in known ◼ If ◼ If H0 will be rejected at the level of significance. ( ) C I c I N N x x z 1 1 + − = Z Z