1.018/7.30J 2003年秋季 基础生态学 全球气候变化讨论一—10/1603 大气中CO浓度的急剧升高引起了人们的高度重视。减少排放是最显而易见的解决方法,而一 些人提议采取更温和的措施来减少大气中的CO2量。提议的想法有铁施肥,深海注入CO2和陆 地植物聚集碳。还有许多争议是关于CO2浓度的升高是否会导致更大的陆地和水中的生产力 从而以负反馈的机制吸收一些大气中多余的CO2 我们将花一堂课的时间来评价这些主题。为了使讨论更丰富多彩,我已经布置了一些与这些话 题相关的阅读材料。每个人负责阅读一组文章。你们要准备好就下面的这些问题的答案发言 概括出下面这些文章和你找到的任何信息的主要观点(这些文章是我通过简单搜索Nawe& Science找到的) 当你们进入课堂时,分成几个小组,与大家共享你对这些问题的解决办法,并准备向全班阐释 你们的话题 当你们阅读这些文章时,记住以下的问题 每种方法后面的原理是什么?这种方法如何发挥作用来减少大气中的CO2? ●C被储存在环境的哪一部分?什么是MRT? 它能在短期内起作用吗?长期呢? 主要的不确定性是什么 总的来说,你认为它是一个妤方法吗?如果你住在荷兰或一个仅略高于海平面的小岛上 你的回答会不一样吗? 每个人(重点看第4224264页) Betts Ks. 2000. Engineering maintainable development. Environmental Science and Technology 34:422A 1.高CO浓度引起的生态反应 adrienne, April, Ayse,Ben, Candace, Cynthia Norby r. 1997. Inside the black box. Nature. 388: 522 Sarmiento J. 2000. That sinking feeling Nature. 408: 155 Schlesinger WH and JH Lichter. 2001. Limited carbon storage in soil and litter of experimental forest plots under increased atmospheric CO2. Nature. 411: 466 DeLucia EH. 1999. Net primary productivity of a forest ecosystem with experimental Co enrichment. Science. 284: 1177 Gill ra et al. 2002. Nonlinear grassland responses to past and future atmospheric CO2. Nature 417:279
1.018/7.30J 2003年秋季 基础生态学 全球气候变化讨论—— 10/16/03 大气中CO2浓度的急剧升高引起了人们的高度重视。减少排放是最显而易见的解决方法，而一 些人提议采取更温和的措施来减少大气中的CO2量。提议的想法有铁施肥，深海注入CO2和陆 地植物聚集碳。还有许多争议是关于CO2浓度的升高是否会导致更大的陆地和水中的生产力， 从而以负反馈的机制吸收一些大气中多余的CO2。 我们将花一堂课的时间来评价这些主题。为了使讨论更丰富多彩，我已经布置了一些与这些话 题相关的阅读材料。每个人负责阅读一组文章。你们要准备好就下面的这些问题的答案发言， 概括出下面这些文章和你找到的任何信息的主要观点（这些文章是我通过简单搜索Nature & Science找到的）。 当你们进入课堂时，分成几个小组，与大家共享你对这些问题的解决办法，并准备向全班阐释 你们的话题。 当你们阅读这些文章时，记住以下的问题： z 每种方法后面的原理是什么？这种方法如何发挥作用来减少大气中的CO2？ z C被储存在环境的哪一部分？什么是MRT? z 它能在短期内起作用吗？长期呢？ z 主要的不确定性是什么？ z 总的来说，你认为它是一个好方法吗？如果你住在荷兰或一个仅略高于海平面的小岛上， 你的回答会不一样吗？ 每个人 (重点看第422-426A页) Betts KS. 2000. Engineering maintainable development. Environmental Science and Technology. 34:422A. 1. 高CO2浓度引起的生态反应(Adrienne, April, Ayse, Ben, Candace, Cynthia) Norby R. 1997. Inside the black box. Nature. 388:522. Sarmiento J. 2000. That sinking feeling. Nature. 408:155. Schlesinger WH and JH Lichter. 2001. Limited carbon storage in soil and litter of experimental forest plots under increased atmospheric CO2. Nature. 411:466. DeLucia EH. 1999. Net primary productivity of a forest ecosystem with experimental CO2 enrichment. Science. 284:1177. Gill RA et al. 2002. Nonlinear grassland responses to past and future atmospheric CO2. Nature. 417:279
2.深海或矿石的CO注入( Genevieve, Helen, Jason, Jennifer, Jessie, Jonathon, Katie DaltonR. 1999 US warms to carbon sequestration research Nature. 401:315 Kaiser J. 1998. A way to make CO2 go away: Deep-six it. Science. 281: 505 Seibel Ba and PJ Walsh. 2001. Potential impacts of CO injection on deep-sea biota. Science 294:319 Celia MA. 2001. How hydrogeology can save the world. Ground Water Caldeira K and me wickett. 2003. Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH Nature 425: 365 Lackner Ks. 2003. A guide to CO2 sequestration. Science. 300: 1677 3.陆地生态系统的C吸收(kel,Lmng,Li,Lym, Marion,Mana, Melissa Smaglik P. 2000. United States backs soil strategy in fight against global warming. Nature. 406: 549 orner C. 2003. Slow in, rapid out. carbon flux studies and Kyoto targets. Science. 300: 1242 Goodale CL and Ea davidson 2002 Uncertain sinks in the shrubs. Nature. 418 593 Betts RA. 2000. Offset of the potential carbon sink from boreal forestation by decreases in surface albedo. Nature. 408: 187 Fang j et al. 2001. Changes in forest biomass carbon storage in China between 1949 and 1998 Science. 292: 2320 4.公海施铁( Michael, Nicole,Nina,Prja, Schuyler,Tom) Buesseler KO and Pw Boyd. 2003. will ocean fertilization work? Science. 300: 67 Chisholm SW, PG Falkowski, and JJ Cullen. 2001. Dis-crediting ocean fertilization. Science 294:309 Watson AJ et al. 2000. Effect of iron supply on Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and implications for glacial atmospheric CO2. Nature. 407: 730 Lawrence MG. 2002. Side effect of oceanic iron fertilization. Science. 297: 1993 Lam Pj and sw chisholm. 2002. Iron fertilization of the oceans reconciling commercial claims withpublishedmodelshttp://web.mitedw/chisholm/www/fefert.pdf.accessed10/8/03
2. 深海或矿石的CO2注入 (Genevieve, Helen, Jason, Jennifer, Jessie, Jonathon, Katie) Dalton R. 1999. US warms to carbon sequestration research. Nature. 401:315. Kaiser J. 1998. A way to make CO2 go away: Deep-six it. Science. 281:505. Seibel BA and PJ Walsh. 2001. Potential impacts of CO2 injection on deep-sea biota. Science. 294:319. Celia MA. 2001. How hydrogeology can save the world. Ground Water. Caldeira K and ME Wickett. 2003. Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH. Nature. 425:365. Lackner KS. 2003. A guide to CO2 sequestration. Science. 300:1677. 3. 陆地生态系统的C吸收 (Kelly, Ling, Liz, Lynn, Marion, Maywa, Melissa) Smaglik P. 2000. United States backs soil strategy in fight against global warming. Nature. 406:549. Korner C. 2003. Slow in, rapid out . carbon flux studies and Kyoto targets. Science. 300:1242. Goodale CL and EA Davidson. 2002. Uncertain sinks in the shrubs. Nature. 418:593. Betts RA. 2000. Offset of the potential carbon sink from boreal forestation by decreases in surface albedo. Nature. 408:187. Fang J et al. 2001. Changes in forest biomass carbon storage in China between 1949 and 1998. Science. 292:2320. 4. 公海施铁(Michael, Nicole, Nina, Priya, Schuyler, Tom) Buesseler KO and PW Boyd. 2003. Will ocean fertilization work? Science. 300:67. Chisholm SW, PG Falkowski, and JJ Cullen. 2001. Dis-crediting ocean fertilization. Science. 294:309. Watson AJ et al. 2000. Effect of iron supply on Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and implications for glacial atmospheric CO2. Nature. 407:730. Lawrence MG. 2002. Side effect of oceanic iron fertilization. Science. 297:1993. Lam PJ and SW Chisholm. 2002. Iron fertilization of the oceans: Reconciling commercial claims with published models. http://web.mit.edu/chisholm/www/Fefert.pdf. accessed 10/8/03