Five Key Ideas in HCI Goal A state the user wants to reach to be talking with somebody on the phone ■to have saved a file Visibility o Tips Control needs to be visible ■ Good mapping with their effects Suggest functionality The Ul should help the user always understand... The current state of the system What operations can be done Windows...shutdown and update! E.g. When you position the cursor over a point on the screen,it should be clear what would happen if you clicked the mouse Feedback When anything changes it should be made visible When you delete a file,the system should not just say 'ready Automobile---steering and wheel!
Five Key Ideas in HCI ◼ Goal ❑ A state the user wants to reach ◼ to be talking with somebody on the phone ◼ to have saved a file ◼ Visibility ❑ Tips ◼ Control needs to be visible ◼ Good mapping with their effects ◼ Suggest functionality ❑ The UI should help the user always understand... ◼ The current state of the system ◼ What operations can be done ◼ Windows … shutdown and update! ❑ E.g. ◼ When you position the cursor over a point on the screen, it should be clear what would happen if you clicked the mouse ◼ Feedback ❑ When anything changes it should be made visible ◼ When you delete a file, the system should not just say ‘ready’ ◼ Automobile --- steering and wheel!
Five Key Ideas in HCI (Cont'd) Affordance A technical term refer property of objects The set of operations and procedures that can be done to an object 0 'Perceived affordance'is what typical users think can be done to an object Should a door be pulled or pushed? What does this icon mean? To improve visibility/feedback we need to: Choose objects with good perceived affordance Design the Ul to generate better perceived affordance
Five Key Ideas in HCI (Cont’d) ◼ Affordance ❑ A technical term refer property of objects ❑ The set of operations and procedures that can be done to an object ❑ ‘Perceived affordance’ is what typical users think can be done to an object ◼ Should a door be pulled or pushed? ◼ What does this icon mean? ❑ To improve visibility/feedback we need to: ◼ Choose objects with good perceived affordance ◼ Design the UI to generate better perceived affordance
Five Key Ideas in HCI (Cont'd) Task An action the user wants to do ·to call somebody to save the file Goals beget tasks,tasks beget goals
Five Key Ideas in HCI (Cont’d) ◼ Task ❑ An action the user wants to do ◼ to call somebody ◼ to save the file ❑ Goals beget tasks, tasks beget goals
Disciplines Contributing to HCI Cognitive psychology Capabilities and limitations of human senses and thought processes People tend to select cognitive strategies that minimizes cognitive efforts Ergonomics Hardware and software efficiency of use and safety Linguistics 口 Syntax and semantics of commands 口 Speechl/O Artificial intelligence Speechl/O 口 Intelligent'guessing'what the user wants to do Knowledge representations of users and tasks Sociology and social psychology Assisting people to work in groups with software Ensuring software works in different cultures Engineering and industrial design Disciplined measurement-based approaches Esthetics Storyboarding etc
Disciplines Contributing to HCI ◼ Cognitive psychology ❑ Capabilities and limitations of human senses and thought processes ❑ People tend to select cognitive strategies that minimizes cognitive efforts ◼ Ergonomics ❑ Hardware and software efficiency of use and safety ◼ Linguistics ❑ Syntax and semantics of commands ❑ Speech I/O ◼ Artificial intelligence ❑ Speech I/O ❑ Intelligent ‘guessing’ what the user wants to do ❑ Knowledge representations of users and tasks ◼ Sociology and social psychology ❑ Assisting people to work in groups with software ❑ Ensuring software works in different cultures ◼ Engineering and industrial design ❑ Disciplined measurement-based approaches ❑ Esthetics ❑ Storyboarding etc
人机交互的研究内容 人机交互的研究内容十分广泛，涵盖了建模、设计、评估 等理论和方法以及在Web、移动计算、 虚拟和增强现实等 方面的交互设计技术。 Use and Context U1社会组织与工作 U3人机交互安装与调整 U2应用领域 计算机 C2对话技 C4计算机制 H1人类信 术 图 息处理 森 C3对话风 H2语言，通信与 格 C5对话构建 交互 H3人类 C1输入输出 工效学 设备 D4实例系统与 D3评估技 案例分析 D2实施技巧 巧 D1设计 与工具 方法 开发过程
21 人机交互的研究内容 ◼ 人机交互的研究内容十分广泛，涵盖了建模、设计、评估 等理论和方法以及在Web、移动计算、虚拟和增强现实等 方面的交互设计技术