Grammatical ys. Lexical Words a Grammatical/Function words: conjunctions prepositions, articles, pronouns a Lexical/ Content words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
◼ Grammatical vs. Lexical Words: ◼ Grammatical/Function words: conjunctions, prepositions, articles, pronouns. ◼ Lexical/Content words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
a Closed-class vs Open-class Words Closed-class words: New members cannot normally be added, eg pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles, auxiliaries Open-class words: New members can be added, eg nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
◼ Closed-class vs. Open-class Words: ◼ Closed-class words: New members cannot normally be added, eg pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles, auxiliaries. ◼ Open-class words: New members can be added, eg nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
a Word class: known as Parts of Speech in traditional grammar Noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, pronoun, conjunction, interjection, article, etc Some new terms in word class: Particle: infinitive to, negative not subordinate units in phrasal verbs"get by' flook back. etc ■ Auxiliary:do,have Modal verbs: can, wil, may, must etc
◼ Word class: known as Parts of Speech in traditional grammar. ◼ Noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, pronoun, conjunction, interjection, article, etc. ◼ Some new terms in word class: ◼ Particle: infinitive to, negative not, subordinate units in phrasal verbs “get by” , “look back”, etc. ◼ Auxiliary: do, have ◼ Modal verbs: can, will, may, must, etc
Pro-forms: substitutes for other terms Pronoun: he, she, 1, they, everyone a Pro-adjective: Your car is red. So is his a Pro-verb: He speaks English better than he did Pro-adverb: He hopes to win and i hope so too ■卫ro- locative: He went there
◼ Pro-forms: substitutes for other terms. ◼ Pronoun: he, she, I, they, everyone ◼ Pro-adjective: Your car is red. So is his. ◼ Pro-verb: He speaks English better than he did. ◼ Pro-adverb: He hopes to win and I hope so too. ◼ Pro-locative: He went there
a Determiner: all the articles, demonstratives, and quantifiers that appear before the noun and its modifiers a As many as three determiners may be used in each case and there is a fixed order when there is more than one
◼ Determiner: all the articles, demonstratives, and quantifiers that appear before the noun and its modifiers. ◼ As many as three determiners may be used in each case and there is a fixed order when there is more than one