山东大学基础医学院：《生理学 Physiology》课程PPT教学课件_The Nervous System 神经系统（含感觉器官）突触与受体 General Principles of the Neuron Activities

Chemical Synapses Synaptic vesicles small spherical or oval Axon organelles contain Ca2 ca 2+ Action otentials Action chemical transmitter otential Ca2+ used in transmission Protein kinase activates (inactive) Calmodulin Protein kinase (inactive) vesicles Polarization phosphorylates synapsin proteins communication occurs Synaptic cleft Docking in only one direction Ca2 Fusion and eXOcytOSIS from sending Neurotransmitter. released presynaptic site to Ca2+ receiving postsynaptic site

• Synaptic vesicles￾small spherical or oval organelles contain chemical transmitter used in transmission • Polarization￾communication occurs in only one direction, from sending presynaptic site to receiving postsynaptic site Chemical Synapses

1. Synaptic Transmission model Precursor transport NT synthesis Storage Release Activation Termination - diffusion, degradation, uptake autoreceptors

• Precursor transport • NT synthesis • Storage • Release • Activation • Termination ~diffusion, degradation, uptake, autoreceptors 1. Synaptic Transmission Model

Presynaptic Postsynaptic Axon terminal Membrane Terminal Button Dendritic Spine

Presynaptic Axon Terminal Postsynaptic Membrane Terminal Button Dendritic Spine

(1)Precursor Transport

(1) Precursor Transport

Synthesis enzymes/cofactors

_ _ _ NT (2) Synthesis enzymes/cofactors