Part II: Virtual Reality Based Surgical Simulations
Part II: Virtual Reality Based Surgical Simulations
Outline Introduction to Virtual Surgery ■ Virtual Endoscopic Surgery ■ Interactive FEM based cutting and deformation Orthopedic surgery simulation with soft tissue deformation and bleeding Vascular and Interventional Surgical Simulation Ultrasound biopsy simulation with 6DOF haptics
Outline n Introduction to Virtual Surgery n Virtual Endoscopic Surgery n Interactive FEM based cutting and deformation n Orthopedic surgery simulation with soft tissue deformation and bleeding n Vascular and Interventional Surgical Simulation n Ultrasound biopsy simulation with 6DOF haptics
Significance of Virtual Surgery Safety avoid medical errors Reusability ■Repeatability Cost effective in the long run Speed up learning curve To enable surgical rehearsal,planning or training in cyberspace
Significance of Virtual Surgery n Safety – avoid medical errors n Reusability n Repeatability n Cost effective in the long run n Speed up learning curve n To enable surgical rehearsal, planning or training in cyberspace
Challenges Real-time photorealistic visualization Haptic simulation of tissue responses Complexity of tissue mechanics Real-time interactivity against Accuracy ■Accuracy今comprehensive modeling Real-time>30 Hz for graphics,1000 Hz for haptics feedback devices
Challenges n Real-time photorealistic visualization n Haptic simulation of tissue responses n Complexity of tissue mechanics n Real-time interactivity against Accuracy n Accuracy à comprehensive modeling n Real-time à 30 Hz for graphics, 1000 Hz for haptics feedback devices
Dilemmas in Surgical Training on cadaver? ● limited supply o no dynamic conditions on animal? o different from human o no complications on real patient? omay harm patients ● non-repeatable
Dilemmas in Surgical Training on cadaver? l limited supply l no dynamic conditions on animal? l different from human l no complications on real patient? l may harm patients l non-repeatable