Contents xiii c.One work by two authors 188 d.One work by three to five authors 189 e. Work by six or more authors 189 f.Corporate author 190 g Works by an anonymous author or no author 191 h.Authors with the same surname 191 i.Two or more works in the same parentheses 191 References to specific parts of a source 192 k.Personal communications 192 I.Citation as part of a parenthetical comment 193 10a-2 Avoiding clutter in the text 193 10b Format for "References"(APA) 193 10b-1 General order for books in "References" 194 10b-2 Sample references to books 195 a.Book by a single author 195 b.Book by two or more authors 195 c.Edited book 195 d.Translated book 196 e.Book in a foreign language 196 f.Revised edition of a book 196 g.Book by a corporate author 196 h.Multivolume book 197 i.Unpublished manuscript 197 10b-3 General order for periodicals in "References" 197 10b-4 Sample references to periodicals 198 a.Journal article,one author 198 b.Journal article,up to six authors 198 C.Journal article,paginated anew in each issue 198 d.Journal with continuous pagination throughout the annual volume 199 e.Magazine article,magazine issued monthly 199 f.Magazine article,magazine issued on a specific day 199 g.Newspaper article 199 h.Editorial 200 i Letter to the editor 200 i Review 200 10b-5 Sample references to electronic sources 200 a.Abstract online 201 b.CD-ROM 201 C Computer program 202 d.Corporate website ,202 e.E-mail 202 f.FTP source 202 8 Gopher 202 h.Government website 202 i. Electronic mailing list (Listserv)203 j.MOOs and MUDs (synchronous communication)203 Copyright 2010 Cengage Leaming.All Rights Reserved.May not be copied,scanned,or duplicated,in whole or in part.Due to electronic rights,some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s)Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affeet the overall learning experience.Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it
Contents xiii c. One work by two authors 188 d. One work by three to fi ve authors 189 e. Work by six or more authors 189 f. Corporate author 190 g. Works by an anonymous author or no author 191 h. Authors with the same surname 191 i. Two or more works in the same parentheses 191 j. References to specifi c parts of a source 192 k. Personal communications 192 l. Citation as part of a parenthetical comment 193 10a-2 Avoiding clutter in the text 193 10b Format for “References” (APA) 193 10b-1 General order for books in “References” 194 10b-2 Sample references to books 195 a. Book by a single author 195 b. Book by two or more authors 195 c. Edited book 195 d. Translated book 196 e. Book in a foreign language 196 f. Revised edition of a book 196 g. Book by a corporate author 196 h. Multivolume book 197 i. Unpublished manuscript 197 10b-3 General order for periodicals in “References” 197 10b-4 Sample references to periodicals 198 a. Journal article, one author 198 b. Journal article, up to six authors 198 c. Journal article, paginated anew in each issue 198 d. Journal with continuous pagination throughout the annual volume 199 e. Magazine article, magazine issued monthly 199 f. Magazine article, magazine issued on a specifi c day 199 g. Newspaper article 199 h. Editorial 200 i Letter to the editor 200 j. Review 200 10b-5 Sample references to electronic sources 200 a. Abstract online 201 b. CD-ROM 201 c. Computer program 202 d. Corporate website 202 e. E-mail 202 f. FTP source 202 g. Gopher 202 h. Government website 202 i. Electronic mailing list (Listserv) 203 j. MOOs and MUDs (synchronous communication) 203 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it
xiv Contents k.Online book 203 I.Online database 203 m.Online dictionary 203 n.Online encyclopedia 203 o.Online magazine article-author listed 204 p.Online magazine article-no author listed 204 q.Telnet 204 r Usenet 204 s.Website-author listed 205 t.Website-no author listed 205 u.Message posted to a group 205 10b-6 Sample references to nonprint materials 205 a.Motion picture 205 b.Audio recording(cassette,record,tape,compact disc)206 10b-7 Sample references to special items 206 a.Government documents 206 b.Legal references 207 c.A report 208 10c Writing the abstract 208 10d Finished form of the paper 209 10d-1 Two kinds of APA papers:The theoretical and the empirical 209 10d-2 Appearance of the final copy 210 a.Outline 210 b.Title page 210 c.Abstract 211 d.Text 212 e.Content notes and endnotes 212 f Illustrations:Tables and figures 212 g.Use of numbers 214 h.Using the right tense 214 i Bibliography (titled "References")217 10e Peer review checklist 218 10f Submitting your paper electronically 218 11 The Traditional System of Documentation (CMS) 11a Footnotes and endnotes 221 11a-1 Formatting of notes 221 11a-2 Rules for numbering the notes 223 Copyright 2010 Cengage Leaming.All Rights Reserved.May not be copied,scanned,or duplicated,in whole or in part.Due to electronic rights,some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s)Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affeet the overall learning experience.Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it
xiv Contents k. Online book 203 l. Online database 203 m. Online dictionary 203 n. Online encyclopedia 203 o. Online magazine article—author listed 204 p. Online magazine article—no author listed 204 q. Telnet 204 r. Usenet 204 s. Website—author listed 205 t. Website—no author listed 205 u. Message posted to a group 205 10b-6 Sample references to nonprint materials 205 a. Motion picture 205 b. Audio recording (cassette, record, tape, compact disc) 206 10b-7 Sample references to special items 206 a. Government documents 206 b. Legal references 207 c. A report 208 10c Writing the abstract 208 10d Finished form of the paper 209 10d-1 Two kinds of APA papers: The theoretical and the empirical 209 10d-2 Appearance of the fi nal copy 210 a. Outline 210 b. Title page 210 c. Abstract 211 d. Text 212 e. Content notes and endnotes 212 f. Illustrations: Tables and fi gures 212 g. Use of numbers 214 h. Using the right tense 214 i Bibliography (titled “References”) 217 10e Peer review checklist 218 10f Submitting your paper electronically 218 11 The Traditional System of Documentation (CMS) 11a Footnotes and endnotes 221 11a-1 Formatting of notes 221 11a-2 Rules for numbering the notes 223 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it
Contents XV 11a-3 Sample footnote references to books 224 a.Single author 225 b.More than one author 225 c.Work in several volumes or parts 225 d.Collections:Anthologies,casebooks,and readers 226 e.Double reference-a quotation within a cited work 226 f.Edition 226 g.Translation 227 11a-4 Sample footnotes for periodicals 227 a.Anonymous author 227 b.Single author 227 c.More than one author 227 d.Journal with continuous pagination in the annual volume 227 e.Journal with separate pagination for each issue 228 f.Monthly magazine 228 & Weekly magazine 228 h.Newspaper 228 i Editorial 229 j.Letter to the editor 229 11b Subsequent references in footnotes and endnotes 229 11c Electronic sources 230 11d Finished form of the paper 231 11d-1 Abstract 232 11d-2 Pagination and text format 232 11d-3 Content or reference notes 232 11d-4 Illustrations:Tables and figures 233 a.Tables 233 b.Other illustrative materials 233 11d-5 Use of numbers 234 11d-6 Bibliography 235 11e Peer review checklist 235 11f Submitting your paper electronically 236 12 Sample Student Papers 12a Paper using author-work documentation (MLA) 239 12b Paper using author-date documentation (APA) 251 12c Paper using footnote documentation(CMS) 265 Copyright 2010 Cengage Leaming.All Rights Reserved.May not be copied,scanned,or duplicated,in whole or in part.Due to electronic rights,some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s)Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affeet the overall learning experience.Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it
Contents xv 11a-3 Sample footnote references to books 224 a. Single author 225 b. More than one author 225 c. Work in several volumes or parts 225 d. Collections: Anthologies, casebooks, and readers 226 e. Double reference—a quotation within a cited work 226 f. Edition 226 g. Translation 227 11a-4 Sample footnotes for periodicals 227 a. Anonymous author 227 b. Single author 227 c. More than one author 227 d. Journal with continuous pagination in the annual volume 227 e. Journal with separate pagination for each issue 228 f. Monthly magazine 228 g. Weekly magazine 228 h. Newspaper 228 i. Editorial 229 j. Letter to the editor 229 11b Subsequent references in footnotes and endnotes 229 11c Electronic sources 230 11d Finished form of the paper 231 11d-1 Abstract 232 11d-2 Pagination and text format 232 11d-3 Content or reference notes 232 11d-4 Illustrations: Tables and fi gures 233 a. Tables 233 b. Other illustrative materials 233 11d-5 Use of numbers 234 11d-6 Bibliography 235 11e Peer review checklist 235 11f Submitting your paper electronically 236 12 Sample Student Papers 12a Paper using author-work documentation (MLA) 239 12b Paper using author-date documentation (APA) 251 12c Paper using footnote documentation (CMS) 265 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it
Xvi Contents APPENDICES A Mechanics A1 Numbers and dates 271 A1-a Percentages and amounts of money 271 A1-b Inclusive numbers 272 A1-c Roman numerals 272 A1-d Dates 272 A2 Titles 273 A2-a Titles in italic 273 A2-b Titles in quotation marks 275 A2-c Titles within titles 277 A2-d Frequent references to a title 277 A3 Italic and underlining 277 A4 Names of people 278 A5 Hyphenating words 279 A6 Spaces and punctuation marks 280 A7 Foreign-language words 280 A8 Abbreviations 281 A8-a Commonly used abbreviations 281 A8-b The Bible 285 A8-c Shakespeare 287 A8-d Days and months 287 A8-e States and U.S.territories 288 A8-f Publishers'names 288 A8-g Abbreviations 291 A9 Spelling 291 B General and Specialized References, an Annotated List B1 A list of general references 293 B1-a Sources that list books 293 B1-b Sources that list periodicals and newspapers 294 B1-c Sources about general knowledge 297 Copyright 2010 Cengage Leaming.All Rights Reserved.May not be copied,scanned,or duplicated,in whole or in part.Due to electronic rights,some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s)Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affeet the overall learning experience.Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it
xvi Contents APPENDICES A Mechanics A1 Numbers and dates 271 A1-a Percentages and amounts of money 271 A1-b Inclusive numbers 272 A1-c Roman numerals 272 A1-d Dates 272 A2 Titles 273 A2-a Titles in italic 273 A2-b Titles in quotation marks 275 A2-c Titles within titles 277 A2-d Frequent references to a title 277 A3 Italic and underlining 277 A4 Names of people 278 A5 Hyphenating words 279 A6 Spaces and punctuation marks 280 A7 Foreign-language words 280 A8 Abbreviations 281 A8-a Commonly used abbreviations 281 A8-b The Bible 285 A8-c Shakespeare 287 A8-d Days and months 287 A8-e States and U.S. territories 288 A8-f Publishers’ names 288 A8-g Abbreviations 291 A9 Spelling 291 B General and Specialized References, an Annotated List B1 A list of general references 293 B1-a Sources that list books 293 B1-b Sources that list periodicals and newspapers 294 B1-c Sources about general knowledge 297 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it
Contents xvii B1-d Encyclopedias 297 B1-e Sources about words:Dictionaries 297 B1-f Works about places 299 B1-g Works about people 299 B1-h Resources about government publications 302 B1-i Sources about nonbooks(nonprint materials) 303 B2 A list of specialized references 306 B2-a Art 306 B2-b Business and economics 308 B2-c Dance 310 B2-d Ecology 311 B2-e Education 311 B2-f Ethnic studies 312 B2-g High technology 314 B2-h History 315 B2-i Literature 317 B2-j Music 320 B2-k Mythology,classics,and folklore 322 B2- Philosophy 323 B2-m Psychology 324 B2-n Religion 325 B2-0 Science 326 B2-P Social sciences 327 B2-q Women's studies 327 Credits 329 Index 333 Copyright 2010 Cengage Leaming.All Rights Reserved.May not be copied,scanned,or duplicated,in whole or in part.Due to electronic rights,some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s)Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affeet the overall learning experience.Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it
Contents xvii B1-d Encyclopedias 297 B1-e Sources about words: Dictionaries 297 B1-f Works about places 299 B1-g Works about people 299 B1-h Resources about government publications 302 B1-i Sources about nonbooks (nonprint materials) 303 B2 A list of specialized references 306 B2-a Art 306 B2-b Business and economics 308 B2-c Dance 310 B2-d Ecology 311 B2-e Education 311 B2-f Ethnic studies 312 B2-g High technology 314 B2-h History 315 B2-i Literature 317 B2-j Music 320 B2-k Mythology, classics, and folklore 322 B2-l Philosophy 323 B2-m Psychology 324 B2-n Religion 325 B2-o Science 326 B2-p Social sciences 327 B2-q Women’s studies 327 Credits 329 Index 333 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it