⑧ Abstract When to write an abstract? How long should an abstract be? What are the essentials of an abstract?
Abstract When to write an abstract? How long should an abstract be? What are the essentials of an abstract?
Foundations of human reasoning in the prefrontal cortex Science Mael Donoso et al. Science344,1481(2014): DAAAS D0l:10.1126/science.1252254 HUMAN COGNITION Foundations of human reasoning in the prefrontal cortex Mael Donoso,12,3 Anne G.E.Collins,2,+Etienne Koechlin'.2,3* The prefrontal cortex(PFC)subserves reasoning in the service of adaptive behavior.Little is known,however,about the architecture of reasoning processes in the PFC.Using computational modeling and neuroimaging,we show here that the human PFC has two concurrent inferential tracks:(i)one from ventromedial to dorsomedial PFC regions that makes probabilistic inferences about the reliability of the ongoing behavioral strategy and arbitrates between adjusting this strategy versus exploring new ones from long-term memory.and (ii)another from polar to lateral PFC regions that makes probabilistic inferences about the reliability of two or three alternative strategies and arbitrates between exploring new strategies versus exploiting these alternative ones.The two tracks interact and,along with the striatum,realize hypothesis testing for accepting versus rejecting newly created strategies
4) we show here that the human PFC has two concurrent inferential tracks:(i) one from ventromedial 腹内侧 to dorsomedial背内侧PFC regions that makes probabilistic inferences about the reliability of the ongoing behavioral strategy and arbitrates between adjusting this strategy versus 5)The two tracks interact and,along with the striatum纹伏体，realize hypothesis testing for accepting versus rejecting newly created strategies
Abstract: 1) The prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves reasoning in the service of adaptive behavior. 2) Little is known, however, about the architecture of reasoning processes in the PFC. 3) Using computational modeling and neuroimaging, 4) we show here that the human PFC has two concurrent inferential tracks: (i) one from ventromedial腹内侧 to dorsomedial背内侧PFC regions that makes probabilistic inferences about the reliability of the ongoing behavioral strategy and arbitrates between adjusting this strategy versus exploring new ones from longterm memory, and (ii) another from polar to lateral PFC regions that makes probabilistic inferences about the reliability of two or three alternative strategies and arbitrates between exploring new strategies versus exploiting these alternative ones. 5) The two tracks interact and, along with the striatum纹状体, realize hypothesis testing for accepting versus rejecting newly created strategies
③ Essentials of an Abstract Research background (Why is the research important?Why would a reader be interested in the research?) Existing problem (What problem does the research attempt to solve?What is the purpose of the scope of the project?) Methods employed (What are the scientific approaches used in the study?)
Essentials of an Abstract Research background (Why is the research important? Why would a reader be interested in the research?) Existing problem (What problem does the research attempt to solve? What is the purpose of the scope of the project?) Methods employed (What are the scientific approaches used in the study?) 3 2 1
国 Essentials of an Abstract Results or findings 4 (How do the research data indicate the results of the project?) Conclusions from the research (What can we conclude from the research?What changes should be implemented as a result of the work?How does this work add to the knowledge on the topic?)
Essentials of an Abstract Results or findings (How do the research data indicate the results of the project?) Conclusions from the research (What can we conclude from the research? What changes should be implemented as a result of the work? How does this work add to the knowledge on the topic?) 5 4