Learnability constraints critical-period hypothesis( Lenneberg et al. E age constraints in L1/L2 acquisition age estimates between 11-18
Learnability constraints critical-period hypothesis (Lenneberg et al.) • age constraints in L1/L2 acquisition • age estimates between 11-18
Learnability constraints Version one: the exercise hypothesis. Early in life, humans have a superior capacity for acquiring languages. If the capacity is not exercised . it will disappear or decline with maturation. If the capacity is exercised[] language learning abilities will remain intact hroughout life Version two: the maturational state hypothesis Early in life, humans have a superior capacity for learning languages. This capacity disappears or declines with maturation J.S.Johnson/EL. Newport in Johnson, Mark(ed )1996, pp 250
Learnability constraints ssdsadsadasdasddasd Version one: the exercise hypothesis. Early in life, humans have a superior capacity for acquiring languages. If the capacity is not exercised […] it will disappear or decline with maturation. If the capacity is exercised […] language learning abilities will remain intact throughout life. Version two: the maturational state hypothesis. Early in life, humans have a superior capacity for learning languages. This capacity disappears or declines with maturation. J.S. Johnson/ E.L.Newport in Johnson,Mark (ed.) 1996, pp.250
Explainability of cognitive phenomena 1. Empirism linguistics psychology, 2. Operationalism SOC1o10g 3. Instrumentalism 4. Idealism 5. Realism phySIcs, astronomy
Explainability of cognitive phenomena 1. Empirism 2. Operationalism 3. Instrumentalism 4. Idealism 5. Realism linguistics, psychology, sociology... physics, astronomy
Explainability of cognitive phenomena 1. Empirism knowledge as a collection of facts universals are not obtainable theories are summaries of observations 2. Operationalism science is a system of rules theories are tools for manipulation
Explainability of cognitive phenomena 1. Empirism - knowledge as a collection of facts - universals are not obtainable - theories are summaries of observations 2. Operationalism - science is a system of rules - theories are tools for manipulation
Explainability of cognitive phenomena 3. Instrumentalism not the meaning of words is important but the way we use them theories are instruments of experience there is no“ inner truth” 5. Realism laws have a relationship to reality that is relevant tool observation
Explainability of cognitive phenomena 3. Instrumentalism - not the meaning of words is important but the way we use them - theories are instruments of experience - there is no “inner truth” 5. Realism - laws have a relationship to reality that is relevant - tool: observation