Gibbs-Duhem Relation(2) S.J.T.0. Phase Transformation and Applications Page 11/45■ Gibbs-Duhem equation Raoult's law ←region for→ A:YA=1 Suppose the B behaves ideally Y8° B→ Henry's law region for B: YB=YB Figure 7.11 Henry's law and Raoult's law regions for the nonideal solution. A behaves ideally. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2010 X.J.Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2010 © X. J. Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule Page 11/45 Gibbs-Duhem Relation (2) Gibbs-Duhem equation Suppose the B behaves ideally. A behaves ideally
Nomenclature S.J.T.0. Phase Transformation and Applications Page12/45■ Phase:相 Component:组元 Degrees of freedom:自由度 Phase rule:相律 Phase diagram:相图 One-component system:单元系 SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2010 X.J.Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2010 © X. J. Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule Page 12/45 Nomenclature Phase: 相 Component: 组元 Degrees of freedom: 自由度 Phase rule: 相律 Phase diagram: 相图 One-component system：单元系
Phase S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Page 13/45 Phase:a homogeneous,physically distinct,and mechanically separable portion of matter present in a nonhomogeneous physical chemical system. <Webster's Dictionary> SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2010 X.J.Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2010 © X. J. Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule Page 13/45 Phase Phase: a homogeneous, physically distinct, and mechanically separable portion of matter present in a nonhomogeneous physical chemical system. <Webster’s Dictionary>
Phase (Britannica)1 S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Page 14/45 in thermodynamics,chemically and physically uniform or homogeneous quantity of matter that can be separated mechanically from a nonhomogeneous mixture and that may consist of a single substance or of a mixture of substances.The three fundamental phases of matter are solid,liquid,and gas (vapour),but others are considered to exist,including crystalline,glassy,amorphous,and plasma phases. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2010 X.J.Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2010 © X. J. Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule Page 14/45 Phase (Britannica) 1 in thermodynamics, chemically and physically uniform or homogeneous quantity of matter that can be separated mechanically from a nonhomogeneous mixture and that may consist of a single substance or of a mixture of substances. The three fundamental phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas (vapour), but others are considered to exist, including crystalline, glassy, amorphous, and plasma phases
Phase (Britannica)2 S.J.T.0. Phase Transformation and Applications Page 15/45 Matter is considered to form one homogeneous phase if its atomic or molecular dispersion is uniform;e.g.,a glass of water containing dissolved salt,sugar,and a dye constitutes only a single liquid phase.If hundreds of grains of sand were added,all the grains together would constitute only a single additional (solid)phase The different phases of a pure substance bear a fixed relationship to one another in terms of temperature and pressure.Thus,if the pressure on some liquids is raised,they will freeze at a higher temperature.This relationship is extremely important in industrial as well as scientific work. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2010 X.J.Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Fall 2010 © X. J. Jin Lecture 13 Phase Rule Page 15/45 Phase (Britannica) 2 Matter is considered to form one homogeneous phase if its atomic or molecular dispersion is uniform; e.g., a glass of water containing dissolved salt, sugar, and a dye constitutes only a single liquid phase. If hundreds of grains of sand were added, all the grains together would constitute only a single additional (solid) phase. The different phases of a pure substance bear a fixed relationship to one another in terms of temperature and pressure. Thus, if the pressure on some liquids is raised, they will freeze at a higher temperature. This relationship is extremely important in industrial as well as scientific work