PLATO ETerpAN AAx ioos ovdev ToTal, xpa reS, parua, anna ou Te KaTa vouv ayouuel Tnv Dlxnp, olual Se Kai eue Tiy eury 4.2nKPATHZ."EoTuy SE 8n oou, G Eveudpov kn;中 evers army8 EterPaN.△toKo EOKPATHX Tiv 4 ETer PaN. "Ov &tov ai Sox uaiveo bac xnKPATHE. TL SE; TeTouevow Tiva Scones ETOmoPaN. IloxXou ye Sei TereoBau, Osye TuyXavEeL v eu paxa TpEaBuTnS z∩ KPATHE, TiS AuTos λ TLOTE; N. Iaw uEv ouy 8E Ti To EynAnua xal Tivos Erer4PN.Φvov,bΣ SPatEs ZnKPATHE,'Hpakλes!丌ou, G EvBucpou voeital Uo Toy ToXXGv, OTn ToTe opeas exeL. I B paEan, axd oppo ou non colas exauvo EreToPnN Hoppo uErTot vi Ala, 2oKpaTe xnKPATHz. Eotl SE 8n Tau oixeLov Tes TEVeS iTo toσ OU Tarpon;biλ a 8m'ov yap ay ou ye iep dxxotplou eeEpetota oror auTo remMPAN. Texoiov, G 2aKp Suadepewv, eire axoTplos eire 1 Schanz, following M Madvig, marks a lacuna here meaning of the missing word or words ho refers to 9 A and Digitized by Microsoft (B
PLATO 'AXX' tcrft>9 ov&ev re9, Trpay/Aa, aXXa (TV re Kara vovv dywviei rrjv Si/erjv, ol^ai 8e fcal eae rrjv e/juyv. 4. 2nKPATH2. "E<7TJi> Be &ij <roi, w ris r] BLKIJ; (frevyeis avrrjv r) TtVa; av 2HKPATH2. Tt Se; Trero/xe^ov rti'a ET0T*pnN. IToXXov 76 5et Trereertfat, 09 76 wv ev 2HKPATH5. Tl9 OUTO9; ET0Y4>PnN. 'O 6/X0 2HKPATH5. 'O CT09, W /3eX,Tt<TT/ ET0T*pnN. TIdvv iev ovv. 2HKPATH2. "EcTT^ ^6 Tt TO K\rJ,a KOI ET0Y*PfiN. 2HKPATH2. 'Hpd/cXets ! 17 ayvoeirai VTTO r&v 7ro\\(ov, OTTTJ irore o ov jap oZ/zat 76 rov eVtTf%oi/T09 opOSx; avro B irpa^ai, aXXa, rroppw TTOV -tjBrj cro^>ta9 eXauz/oi/T09. ET0T<$pnN. TLoppw pevroi vrj Ata, a> 2HKPATH2. <7Tt^ e ? TWy OtetCOV Tt9 T6$yea>9 LTTO TOV croO Tra.T/009; ^ S^Xa Sr;' ou 7a/9 av TTOV 76 L'7T6yo aXXoT/otof 7rer)ia0a <povov avry. , ecr aXXorpio? elre oliceios 6 re0va)s, 1 Schanz, following Madvig, marks a lacuna here. For the meaning of the missing word or words ho refers to 9 A and 15 D. 12
EUTHYPHRO EUTHYPHRo. Well, Socrates, perhaps it wont amount to much, and you will bring your case to a sati-r w what is your case, Euthyphro? Are hink i shall min SOCRATES, you defending or prosecuting EUTHYPHRO. Prosecuting SOCRATEs. Whom EUTHYPHRO. Such a man that they think I am insane because I am prosecuting him. SOCRATES. Why Are you prosecuting one who as wings to Ay away with EUTHYPHRO. No Aying for him at his ripe old age. SOcRATEs, Who is he EUTHYPHRO. My father. SOCRATEs. Your father, my dear man EUTHYPHRO. Certainly SOCRATES. But what is the charge, and what is he suit about EUTHYPHRO. Murder, Socrates SOCRATES Surely, Euthypl eople do not know where the right lies fancy it is not everyone who can rightly you are doing, but only one who is already very far dvanced in wisdom EUTHYPHRO. Very far, indeed, Socrates, by Zeus SOCRATES, Is the one who was kille would not bring a charge of murder against him u father a relative? But of course he was a strangers account. culous, Socrates, that you think it matters the man who was killed The Greek word he prosequor, from whi at the same time the technica Digitized by Microsoft (R
EUTHYPHRO EUTHYPHRO. Well, Socrates, perhaps it won't amount to much, and you will bring your case to a satisfactory ending, as I think I shall mine. SOCRATES. What is your case, Euthyphro? Are you defending or prosecuting ? EUTHYPH-RO. Prosecuting. SOCRATES. Whom ? EUTHYPHRO. Such a man that they think I am insane because I am prosecuting l him. SOCRATES. Why ? Are you prosecuting one who has wings to fly away with ? EUTHYPHRO. No flying for him at his ripe old age. SOCRATES. Who is he ? EUTHYPHRO. My father. SOCRATES. Your father, my dear man ? EUTHYPHRO. Certainly. SOCRATES. But what is the charge, and what is the suit about? EUTHYPHRO. Murder, Socrates. SOCRATES. Heracles ! Surely, Euthyphro, most people do not know where the right lies ; for 1 fancy it is not everyone who can rightly do what you are doing, but only one who is already very far advanced in wisdom. EUTHYPHRO. Very far, indeed, Socrates, by Zeus. SOCRATES. Is the one who was killed by your father a relative ? But of course he was ; for you would not bring a charge of murder against him on a stranger's account. EUTHYPHRO. It is ridiculous, Socrates, that you think it matters whether the man who was killed 1 The Greek word has much the same meaning as the Latin prosequor, from which the English 'prosecute' is derived, ' follow,' ' pursue,' and is at the same time the technical term for 'prosecute.' 13
PLATO axx ov Toto Howo Seiv umdTTelv, eiTe Ev Sinn EKTELDEy O KTELVaS ELTE KaL Et pev el8κ,aD Ei SE uni, eTefLeval, Eav Ep o KTEivas ouvEoTLos oou C Kai OuoPdesos i. ioov yap to uiaoua yiyverai Eav Elvis ti TOlOUTo Euvecsios gEavToV TE Kai Exeiwov T Sinn Ee Uav, eel 6 y doBavdv terns tus iv ERos, Kai s eyeopyou uev Ev ti Na,t6 rEveL Exei Trap加m,丌ap oLvnoas oiv Kai opyuobeis Tay oixeTav TiDL Tov DueTepay aoopatTeL aiTon 丌 arip auvs gas Tous osas kal Tas xeipas avro, xaTaBaxdoy Eis Tad poy lva, euTeL Seupo avda Tevoouevou ou EEmyyToi, 8 TL XPEin Toleiv, Ev ae D XPouo Tou &ebeuevou dxeyopet Te Kai niuexeu avspodovou Kai odder Ov paya, ei xal aobavou Oep oiv xai eaBev. io yap Auot kai pious xal Tav Seouv aoounoket piv Tow ayyeXow 丌 apa Tou E5mynroi aφt KEoVat, Taura xai dyavakTe 8 TE arip xal oi axxol oixeiot, otl &y utep tou avspod Vou TOO TaTpi vov eTeSEpxoual, ouTe aoxmelvavTl, s daoi exeivou or'elarμ amaTa a spodosol ye Oros Tou dobavovtos, ou Seiv ppovriselv uep e Tod ToLOUTou. avoolov yap elva To vioy arpi porou eeBlevau kakas eiootes, a Compare To Belov s Exet Tou ooiou Te Tept Kai Tou avogiov oirool axel Bas diet Elota Bal Tepi Tav Digitized by Microsoft (B
PLATO * ov rovro JJLOVOV Belv <f>v\drreiv, elre ev KrlVeV 6 KreivaS LT (JUT), KOL el fJLSV V BiKrj, CttV, el Be /*>], errefyevat, edv irep 6 Kreivas avvkvnbs croi C Kal bjjLorpdrre^QS rj. laov yap TO /Lttacr//,a eav vvf)<$ TW TOiovrw ^vveiStos teal yu,?) creavrov re /cal e/ceivov rfj Bi/crj eVeficor, eirel o ye cnroOavwv 7T\drr}<f r*9 fy e//,05, at 009 eyetopyovIJLV ev rfj Na^&), eOijrevev /cel Trap" rjfuv. Trapoivrjcras ovv Kal opyiaOels TWV olfcerwv nvi a7ro(7(pdrrei avrov o ovv Trarrjp TOU? TroSa? Kal ra? *)(a,pa<> avrov, Kara/3a\a)v /t ft ~ >'S> ' et? Tacppov nva, TrefjLTrei oevpo avopa Trevcro/jievov rov effyyrprov, o TI XP6^7) 'T^OL ^. ev Be rovrw TU> D 'xpovw rov SeSe/jLevov a>\iyct)pei re /cal r}[j,e\ei 009 dvBpo<f>6vov ical ovBev ov Trpayfjia, el Kal aTroddvoi' OTrep ovv Kal 7ra0ev. vTTo yap Xt/xoO Kal plyovs ra>v $O~}JL(*)V aTToOvycrKei nrplv rbv dyye\ov Trapa rov e^rjyrirov afyiKea&ai. ravra $rj ovv l dyavaKrei 6 re Trarrjp Kal ol a\\oi ort, eya) vrrep rov dvSpotfrovov rco Trarpl tfrovov eVe^epp^o/iai, ovre aTroKreivavri, w? fyacriv iKtivoi, ovr el o rt, ^d\Lara drriicreivev, dvBpo(f>6vov ye OVT09 rov arroOavbvros, ov Belv (frpovrifeiv VTrep E rov roLOvrov dvoawv yap elvai ro vlov irarpl <f)6vov eTre^tevac' KaKws elSores, a) ^wKpares, TO Oelov W9 e'^et ToO ocrt'ov re rrepi, Kal rov avoaiov. 2HKPATH2. u 7T/309 ovrwal aACpt^a)9 otet erriaraaOai rrepl rwv Oeiwv, 14
EUTHYPHRO was a stranger or a relative, and do not see that the only thing to consider is whether the action of the slayer was justified or not, and that if it was justified one ought to let him al one ought to proceed against him, even if he share ones hearth and eat at one' s table. For the pollu tion is the same if you associate knowingly with such a man and do not purify yourself and him by proceeding against him. In this case, the man ho was killed was a bired workman of inine and when we were farming at Naxos, he was working there on our land. Now he got drunk, got angry with one of our house slaves, and butchered him So my father bound him hand and foot, threw him into a ditch, and sent a man here to Athens to ask the religious adviser what he ought to do. In the meantime he paid no attention to the man as he lay there bound, and neglected him, thinking that he was a murderer and it did not matter if he were to die. And that is just what happened to him. For he died of hunger and cold and his bonds before the messenger came back from the adviser. Now father and the rest of my relatives are angry with me, because for the sake of this murderer I am prosecuting ny father for murder. For they say he did not kill hin, and if he had killed him never much, yet since the dead man was a murderer, I ought not to trouble myself about such a fellow, ecause it is unholy for a son to prosecute his father r murder. Which shows how little they know hat the divine law is in regard to holiness and o you think Botr inthe edge a of t dvi E tahyphrnd I5 Digitized by Microsoft (R
EUTHYPHRO was a stranger or a relative, and do not see that the only thing to consider is whether the action of the slayer was justified or not, and that if it was justified one ought to let him alone, and if not, one ought to proceed against him, even if lie share one's hearth and eat at one's table. For the pollu- tion is the same if you associate knowingly with such a man and do not purify yourself and him by proceeding against him. In this case, the man who was killed was a hired workman of mine, and when we were farming at Naxos, he was working there on our land. Now he got drunk, got angry with one of our house slaves, and butchered him. So my father bound him hand and foot, threw him into a ditch, and sent a man here to Athens to ask the religious adviser what he ought to do. In the meantime he paid no attention to the man as he lay there bound, and neglected him, thinking that he was a murderer and it did not matter if he were to die. And that is just what happened to him. For he died of hunger and cold and his bonds before the messenger came back from the adviser. Now my father and the rest of my relatives are angry with me, because for the sake of this murderer I am prosecuting my father for murder. For they say he did not kill him, and if he had killed him never so much, yet since the dead man was a murderer, I ought not to trouble myself about such a fellow, because it is unholy for a son to prosecute his father for murder. Which shows how little they know what the divine law is in regard to holiness and unholiness. SOCRATES. But, in the name of Zeus, Euthyphro, do you think your knowledge about divine laws and '5
PLATO On ExeL, al TGv orlov Te kal UTOV OUTO TPaxeEvTav,as oi oBe Staco ou oge.λ os Eln,d 5 Eoxpates, ouse to av Buapepot Eug upon Tav roXY avepoov, ei ui a ToLauraTavra 5. 20KPATHE. 'Ap ouw Hot, Bavuaote Eu. Auppuv, kpaTLoTOW EaTl HantI od yeveadat na 7pyy0a中示,, pos MentOr ai VTa, oTt erre ka EI T(o EuTpoo Bev xpouo Ta Beia epi ToXo errotouan elevat, Kai viv ErELon ue Exeivos aiTooxe Suasovta dnot kal KaLvoTOHOUvTa Tepi Taw Beiov esauap- B MeNtE, ainv av, Eueupova opooyeis oop Eival Ta ToLaita, Kai opeas vouigecy eue iryou Kai un Suxdsou ei &e un, Exeivoo To &&8aokdxpo 入 uxe Slxnv Tp6 DTEpov为euol, ds ToUs pea urepous SLadBeipovtL, Eue Te Kai Tov aioi Tarepa, Eue uev &daoKovTl, Exeavow &E voueToUvTi TE kai ai av un uou relen Signs i dvt'ep v ypapTal oe, aura Taura neye Ev TO Scxaonpio, a ErEToPnN.Napd△ia,bΣ SPAtES,ei c Errixetpraeue papeo at, evpou av, ds m gampo pL EKELDoU Xoryos EyeveTo Ev T aoTnpLep znKPATHE. Kal ey@ Tol, a ime etape, Taura yuyvaokow uaBnris e BuuG yevea Bal aos, eidos, Digitized by Microsoft (R
PLATO orrrj e^ei* teal rwv ocrtcov re /cal dvocriwv, ware rovrwv ovrco TTpa^devrcov, ox? crv \eyeis, ov cf)o/3ei 8iKa6aevo<> rw rcarpi, OTTO)? pr) av crv dvocriov Trpyaa rvyxvrjs rrprrcov; EY0T4>pnN. OvBev yap av fiov o^eXo? 6477, <w 5 "a)fcaT6s, ovBe ro> av Siatyepoi ILvtyixfrpcov ra>v el jir ra rotavra Trdvra 6. 2HKPATH2. *Ap' ovv fjLOL, a) dav/jLaaie Eui/, ttpaTHTTOv ecrrt fj,a8r)Tfj cry yevecrQaL /cal irpo . -;;v ypa<pfj<; TT)? Trpo? MeX^roi/ ai^ra raOra TrpoicakelffOai avrov \eyovra, OTL 70)76 :at eV TGJ efjLTrpocrOsv xpovtp ra Oela Trepl TTO\\OV 7roiou/j,r)v elBevai, /cal vvv eweiSij ue eKelvos avTocr-^eBid^ovrd TIGI /cal /caivoTouovvra Trepl rcov deiwv e^a/naprdveiv, fJLadv)Tr)$ Brj yeyova ao?' teal el ^kvt a> B MeXT/re, cf)air)v civ, Evdvcfrpova 6/10X07649 crofyov elvai ra rotavra, KOI opB&s VO/JLL^LV efie 77701) Kal fir) SiKa^ov el 8e /JLIJ, eKeivw ra> 8t8acr/caX&) Xa^e 8Crcr)v rrpbrepov rj euoi, co? TOU? rrpecrfSwrepov*; &ia<f>0Lpovrt,, e/ie re Kal rov avrov Trarepa, e'/ie fiev StSdcr/covri,, e/ceivov &e vovOerovvn re Kal K0\d^ovnf Kal av aij aoi rreiOrjrai a^S 1 dfyir) rfjs BiKrjs rj dvr euov ypd(f>rjrai ere, avra ravra \eyeiv ev TO) &i,Kacrrr)p[(), a 7rpovKa\ovfirfv avrov. ET0T4>PnN. Nal /za Ata, w ^ciiKpares, el apa ue C eTrixeiprjcreLe ypdcfrecrOai, evpot/ji av, co? otyitat, 07T77 cra^po? ecrnv, Kal TTO\V av rjfilv trporepov eKeivov Xo709 eyevero ev r<p rcep2HKPATH2. Kat eyd) rot, w ^>tXe eraipe, ravra 16