1.FOUR FUNDAMENTAL FORCES Strength Range (m） Force which Strong h岛好s 1 9h图 107s diamele数da m晚d国d击U间 8trangth Range (mi Electro-H⊕ 1 137 Infinite magnetic Strangth Range (m) Wek' 105 10-7 设.1酸ol thed重amr 时protont neurhino interapctoon Induces bota deony Strength Range (mj Gravity m 8器1099 Infinite 光 6
上海交大 董占海 6 * 1. FOUR FUNDAMENTAL FORCES
Gravity Weak Electromagnetic Strong (Electroweak) Carried By Graviton w◆w°z Photon Gluon (not yet observed) Quarks and AIl Quarks and Charged Leptons Quarks Acts on Leptons and wW and Gluons 7 上海交大董占海
上海交大 董占海 7
) () () up charm top 个 Quark down strange bottom ) ) () 符号 中文名称 英文名称 电荷(e) 质量(GeV/c) 自旋 u 上夸克 up +2/3 0.004 1/2 d 下夸克 down -1/3 0.008 1/2 c 粲夸克 charm +2/3 1.5 1/2 奇异夸克 strange -1/3 0.15 1/2 t 顶夸克 top +2/3 176 1/2 b 底夸克 bottom -1/3 4.7 1/2 8 上海父大重占海
上海交大 董占海 8 符号 中文名称 英文名称 电荷(e) 质量( GeV/c 2) 自旋 u 上夸克 up +2/3 0.004 1/2 d 下夸克 down -1/3 0.008 1/2 c 粲夸克 charm +2/3 1.5 1/2 s 奇异夸克 strange -1/3 0.15 1/2 t 顶夸克 top +2/3 176 1/2 b 底夸克 bottom -1/3 4.7 1/2 Quark
The Standard Model 6 quarks (those little The Standard Model 4 fellows in the nucleus) Fermions Bosons and their antiparticles C t Quarks up charm 6 leptons (of which the d b down electron is an example) Ve W electron muon tau W boson ers and their antiparticles eptons poutnno cutnno e T g 4 force carrier particles electron muon tau (of which the photon is Higgs" boson an example) Source:AAAS "Yet to be confirmed All known matter is composed of composites of quarks and leptons which interact by exchanging force carriers. 9 上海交大董占海
上海交大 董占海 9 The Standard Model • 6 quarks (those little fellows in the nucleus) and their antiparticles. • 6 leptons (of which the electron is an example) and their antiparticles • 4 force carrier particles (of which the photon is an example) • All known matter is composed of composites of quarks and leptons which interact by exchanging force carriers
Unification of the fundamental forces 弱电统 一 Electromagnetid 大 Weak 超统一 Gravity Strong 出 10 大董占海
上海交大 董占海 10 超统一 弱 电 统 一 大 统 一 Unification of the fundamental forces