8CHAPTER1.INTRODUCTIONuse ALT+leftarrow to navigate back to a startingpoint.1.1Resources.Appendix A details the parts list required to implement all of the cir-cuits and includes links to component distributors.· Appendix B describes how to implement a variable voltage sourceand two styles of current sources with the LM317 adjustable voltageregulator. Many of the circuits require a DC voltage other than thestandard ±15V and 5V power supplies offered by the NI myDAQ.The adjustable voltage source pictured in Figure B.3 on page 165 shouldbe constructed at the beginning of the term and left in place for sub-sequent circuits.Appendix Cdescribes the Texas Instruments TL072 dual operationalamplifier used in many of the circuits. The op amp is frequently usedas a voltage follower to strengthen the 2 mA current drive of the my-DAQ analog outputs. Appendix D describes the Intersil DG413 quadanalogswitchusedinmanyofthetransientresponseproblems.Appendix E details a laboratory technique to measure time constantswhile Appendix F explains how to measure amplitude and phaseshift for sinusoidal signals..Appendix G lists all of the available video links.1.2GoalsforStudentDeliverablesStudents should document their work in sufficient detail so that it couldbe replicated by others. Present your work on the"Analysis" section asyou would on a standard problem set. Be sure to include a"Given"sectionwithyour own drawing ofthecircuitdiagram,a"Find"sectionthatliststhe requested results for the problem, a detailed solution process, and aclearly-identified endresult.Doall of thiswork on engineeringgreen paperor in a lab book or as otherwise required by your instructor.The"Simulation" section presents your work to set up the circuit simu-lation in NI Multisim and the simulation results you used to obtain mean-ingful information. Createawordprocessingdocumentthat containsanorganized set of screenshots with highlights and annotations as well as text
8 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION use ALT+leftarrow to navigate back to a starting point. 1.1 Resources • Appendix A details the parts list required to implement all of the circuits and includes links to component distributors. • Appendix B describes how to implement a variable voltage source and two styles of current sources with the LM317 adjustable voltage regulator. Many of the circuits require a DC voltage other than the standard ±15V and 5V power supplies offered by the NI myDAQ. The adjustable voltage source pictured in Figure B.3 on page 165 should be constructed at the beginning of the term and left in place for subsequent circuits. • Appendix C describes the Texas Instruments TL072 dual operational amplifier used in many of the circuits. The op amp is frequently used as a voltage follower to strengthen the 2 mA current drive of the myDAQ analog outputs. Appendix D describes the Intersil DG413 quad analog switch used in many of the transient response problems. • Appendix E details a laboratory technique to measure time constants while Appendix F explains how to measure amplitude and phase shift for sinusoidal signals. • Appendix G lists all of the available video links. 1.2 Goals for Student Deliverables Students should document their work in sufficient detail so that it could be replicated by others. Present your work on the “Analysis” section as you would on a standard problem set. Be sure to include a “Given” section with your own drawing of the circuit diagram, a “Find” section that lists the requested results for the problem, a detailed solution process, and a clearly-identified end result. Do all of this work on engineering green paper or in a lab book or as otherwise required by your instructor. The “Simulation” section presents your work to set up the circuit simulation in NI Multisim and the simulation results you used to obtain meaningful information. Create a word processing document that contains an organized set of screenshots with highlights and annotations as well as text
1.2.GOALSFORSTUDENTDELIVERABLESto lead the reader through the screenshots.Include the circuit schematicand dialog box setup parameters for information not already visible on theschematic-circleparametersthatyouenteredorchanged awayfromde-fault values.Also include simulation results,again circling control settingsthat you changed and highlighting regions where you obtained informa-tion. Figure 1.1 illustrates a screenshot from NI Multisim properly high-lighted to indicate control settings that were adjusted away from defaultvalues aswell asregionsonthescreen wheremeasurements wereobtainedInterpret the simulation results by writing them in standardform includingunits, and write any additional calculations that were necessary to reach anend resultfor simulation.XOscilloscope-XsC1ChannelT1Reverse200.00005169.593m-173.706mVT20.000VSave-200.000usT2-T1173.706mV-169.593mVExt.triggerChannelAChannelTriggerScale:50us/DivScale:5v/Div100m/DiVEdge:Scale:Expos.(DiV)Ypos.(DiV):0Ypos.(Div)LevelYTTAddB/AABACLOACLODCNFigure 1.1: NI Multisim screenshot showing proper markings to indicatecontrol settings adjusted away from default values as well as regions wheremeasurementwas obtained.NOTE:Screen shots in Microsoft Word 2010 can be easily captured andhighlighted as follows:
1.2. GOALS FOR STUDENT DELIVERABLES 9 to lead the reader through the screenshots. Include the circuit schematic and dialog box setup parameters for information not already visible on the schematic – circle parameters that you entered or changed away from default values. Also include simulation results, again circling control settings that you changed and highlighting regions where you obtained information. Figure 1.1 illustrates a screenshot from NI Multisim properly highlighted to indicate control settings that were adjusted away from default values as well as regions on the screen where measurements were obtained. Interpret the simulation results by writing them in standard form including units, and write any additional calculations that were necessary to reach an end result for simulation. Figure 1.1: NI Multisim screenshot showing proper markings to indicate control settings adjusted away from default values as well as regions where measurement was obtained. NOTE: Screen shots in Microsoft Word 2010 can be easily captured and highlighted as follows:
10CHAPTER1.INTRODUCTION1.Select"Insert"tabandthen"Screenshot,"2. Choose the desired window or select "Screen Clipping" to define anarbitraryregion,3. Select"Shapes,"and4. Place circles or boxes to highlight important values.The"Measurement" section presents your work to set up the physicalcircuit and NI ELVISmx signal generators and measurement instrumentsThis section also includes your measurement results. Follow the generalguidelines for the"Simulation"section.Your instructor may require aphoto of your breadboard circuit and myDAQ connections along with yourstudent IDwhen you work on the problem outside of scheduled class time.Also includea schematicdiagram showing allmyDAQconnections.Finally, the"Summary" section compares the requested numerical re-sults from each of the three methods. Tabulate three results for each re-quested numerical quantity (analytical, simulation,and measurement)andtabulate twopercentagedifferences for each requested numerical quantity. Simulation-to-Analytical: [(Xs -XA)/XA] × 100%· Measurement-to-Analytical: [(XM -XA)/XA] × 100%
10 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1. Select “Insert” tab and then “Screenshot,” 2. Choose the desired window or select “Screen Clipping” to define an arbitrary region, 3. Select “Shapes,” and 4. Place circles or boxes to highlight important values. The “Measurement” section presents your work to set up the physical circuit and NI ELVISmx signal generators and measurement instruments. This section also includes your measurement results. Follow the general guidelines for the “Simulation” section. Your instructor may require a photo of your breadboard circuit and myDAQ connections along with your student ID when you work on the problem outside of scheduled class time. Also include a schematic diagram showing all myDAQ connections. Finally, the “Summary” section compares the requested numerical results from each of the three methods. Tabulate three results for each requested numerical quantity (analytical, simulation, and measurement) and tabulate two percentage differences for each requested numerical quantity: • Simulation-to-Analytical: [(XS − XA)/XA] × 100% • Measurement-to-Analytical: [(XM − XA)/XA] × 100%
111.3.STUDENTDELIVERABLESCHECKLIST1.3StudentDeliverablesChecklist1. Engineering paper or lab book -submit directly to instructor:(a) Analysisi."Given / Find" section including original circuiti.Detailed solutionii. End result clearly identified(b)Simulation-interpreted results from simulation screen shots(c) Measurementi.Circuit schematic with myDAQconnectionsii.Interpreted results(d)Results comparison table2. Word processor document-submit electronically to instructor:(a) Simulation screen shotsi.Circuit schematicii. Dialog box parameters with circles around entered or mod-ified control valuesii. Simulation results marked up to highlightkey results(b) Photo of circuit on breadboard and myDAQ connections (if re-quired)(c) Measurement screen shotsi. ELVISmx signal generator instruments with circles aroundentered or modified valuesi.ELVISmx measurement instrumentsmarked up to highlightkey results and circles around entered ormodified controlvalues
1.3. STUDENT DELIVERABLES CHECKLIST 11 1.3 Student Deliverables Checklist 1. Engineering paper or lab book – submit directly to instructor: (a) Analysis i. “Given / Find” section including original circuit ii. Detailed solution iii. End result clearly identified (b) Simulation – interpreted results from simulation screen shots (c) Measurement i. Circuit schematic with myDAQ connections ii. Interpreted results (d) Results comparison table 2. Word processor document – submit electronically to instructor: (a) Simulation screen shots i. Circuit schematic ii. Dialog box parameters with circles around entered or modified control values iii. Simulation results marked up to highlight key results (b) Photo of circuit on breadboard and myDAQ connections (if required) (c) Measurement screen shots i. ELVISmx signal generator instruments with circles around entered or modified values ii. ELVISmx measurement instruments marked up to highlight key results and circles around entered or modified control values
12CHAPTER1.INTRODUCTION1.4AcknowledgementsI gratefully acknowledge contributions from the following individuals:. Tom Robbins (NTS Press) for his editorial support throughout thisproject,·Erik Luther (National Instruments)for his enthusiastic support of theNI myDAQ product for engineering education,.David Salvia (Penn State University) for his helpful suggestions re-garding the design of this project, and. Rose-Hulman students in Electrical Systems ES203 (Spring 2011) whoofferedmuchhelpful feedbackon theirexperiencewith selectedprob-lems.Ed DoeringDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringRose-Hulman Institute of TechnologyTerre Haute, IN 47803doering@rose-hulman.edu
12 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1.4 Acknowledgements I gratefully acknowledge contributions from the following individuals: • Tom Robbins (NTS Press) for his editorial support throughout this project, • Erik Luther (National Instruments) for his enthusiastic support of the NI myDAQ product for engineering education, • David Salvia (Penn State University) for his helpful suggestions regarding the design of this project, and • Rose-Hulman students in Electrical Systems ES203 (Spring 2011) who offered much helpful feedback on their experience with selected problems. Ed Doering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Terre Haute, IN 47803 doering@rose-hulman.edu