Unit 2 Text B English as a Universal Language Text-related Information The Irish rock group U2 was formed in 1977 and gained fame in the 1980s. Since then, they have become one of the most popular rock groups in the world 2. Michael Jackson(1958 Singer-dancer Michael Jackson is the most remarkable pop music success since Elvis Presley and the Beatles. born to a musical family in 1958. he and his brothers formed the jackson five in the early 1960s and gained fame. His hit album, Thriller(1982), broke sales records worldwide and Bad(1987, ghetto slang for good )and Dangerous(1992)were also big sellers 3. Madonna(1958-) The controversial singer, actress, and song-writer Madonna became one of America's biggest stars in the late 1980s. Her assertive sexuality and her efforts to push back the borders of the acceptable have brought her tremendous commercial success and a reputation as an avanguard performer. Madonna has broken several pop-music sales records. You Must Love Me, from Evita (1996), won her an Oscar for best original song 4. rap music and break dance Rap music, developed in the late 1970s in New York City, is a combination of rhymed rhythmically chanted vocals and pieces of recorded music and sounds called samples, taken from older records. Break dance, including acrobatics such as headspins and flips, would often accompany the music. Rap music reached mainstream audiences in the mid 1980s. In the early 1990s the clothing and hair styles of rappers entered the mainstream fashion for teens of both sexes and all races Difficult Sentences and phrases Para 1. universal: adj. for all people or every purpo e.g. a topic of universal interest(in which everyone takes an interest a universal truth(one that applies in any case a universal joint万向节,万向接头( one in a machine which allows movement in all directions) Para.2 1. billion: a billion now generally represents a thousand million +1Z(1, 000,000, 000)in America or elsewhere. Some dictionaries may tell you that a billion also represents a million million F1Z(1,000,000,000,000), this use is only found in rather old-fashioned British English now. Para. 3 1. The world,s most taught language English is not taking the place of other languages Though it is the world's most taught language, English is not taking the place of other
１６ Unit 2 Text B English as a Universal Language Text-related Information 1. U2 The Irish rock group U2 was formed in 1977 and gained fame in the 1980s. Since then, they have become one of the most popular rock groups in the world. 2. Michael Jackson (1958-) Singer-dancer Michael Jackson is the most remarkable pop music success since Elvis Presley and the Beatles. Born to a musical family in 1958, he and his brothers formed the Jackson five in the early 1960s and gained fame. His hit album, Thriller (1982), broke sales records worldwide and Bad (1987, ghetto slang for “good”) and Dangerous (1992) were also big sellers. 3. Madonna (1958-) The controversial singer, actress, and song-writer Madonna became one of America’s biggest stars in the late 1980s. Her assertive sexuality and her efforts to push back the borders of the acceptable have brought her tremendous commercial success and a reputation as an avanguard performer. Madonna has broken several pop-music sales records. You Must Love Me, from Evita (1996), won her an Oscar for best original song. 4. rap music and break dance Rap music, developed in the late 1970s in New York City, is a combination of rhymed, rhythmically chanted vocals and pieces of recorded music and sounds called samples, taken from older records. Break dance, including acrobatics such as headspins and flips, would often accompany the music. Rap music reached mainstream audiences in the mid 1980s. In the early 1990s the clothing and hair styles of rappers entered the mainstream fashion for teens of both sexes and all races. Difficult Sentences and Phrases Para.1 1. universal: adj. for all people or every purpose. e.g. a topic of universal interest (in which everyone takes an interest) a universal truth (one that applies in any case) a universal joint 万向节，万向接头 (one in a machine which allows movement in all directions) Para.2 1. billion: a billion now generally represents a thousand million 十亿 (1,000,000,000) in America or elsewhere. Some dictionaries may tell you that a billion also represents a million million 万亿(1,000,000,000,000), this use is only found in rather old-fashioned British English now. Para.3 1. The world’s most taught language, English is not taking the place of other languages: Though it is the world’s most taught language, English is not taking the place of other languages…
The noun clause the world 's most taught language is an example of what is called a verbless adverbial clause, which often occurs at the beginning of a sentence as an adverbial of e.g. A good-tempered man, Paul nevertheless became very angry when he heard what had A pleasant, happy child, little Jack was welcome everywhere 2. take the place of/ take one's place: replace If something takes the place of something else, it begins to exist instead of that thing e.g. Market economy has taken the place of planned economy I can't come to the meeting myself, so my deputy (RlF) will take my place 3. secondary: (of education or a school) for children over 1l years old; not as important or urgent as something else.中级的,次要的,次等的 Secondary basically means"next after the first in order, rank, importance, time, etc. " from which other meanings are derived eg. a secondary technical school中等技术学校 Such considerations are secondary to our main aim of improving efficiency Many older people still believe that men's careers come first and womens careers are ara.S 1. preval·( among,in) be generally accepted or be widespread盛行,流行 e.g. At last justice has prevailed and the guilty man has been punished.正义最终取得了胜 利作恶的人受到了惩罚 The custom prevails in the whole area.这风俗存在于这整个地区 Para. 10 1. as are three-fourths of the world's mail, telexes, and cables: and three-fourths of the world's mail. telexes and cables are so too As, usually followed by be or do t subject, is used here to mean"and so too e.g. She is unusually tall, as are both her parents He goes to work by bike, as do most of his colleagues Para. 14 1. strike a deal: come to an agreement(with someone)especially in business 2. chances are that: it is likely that The word chances (used in the plural) in the phrase means possibility. The phrase may also appear with the definite article the e.g. The chances(or Chances)are that they'll be late as usual The chances(or Chances) are(that)the train hasnt left yet Para. 15 1.in- service:( taking place) during one' s work在职期间进行的 e.g. the in-service training of teachers The company has started an extensive in-service training program for all its employees
１７ The noun clause the world’s most taught language is an example of what is called a verbless adverbial clause, which often occurs at the beginning of a sentence as an adverbial of concession or cause. e.g. A good-tempered man, Paul nevertheless became very angry when he heard what had happened. A pleasant, happy child, little Jack was welcome everywhere. 2. take the place of / take one’s place: replace If something takes the place of something else, it begins to exist instead of that thing. e.g. Market economy has taken the place of planned economy. I can’t come to the meeting myself, so my deputy（副手）will take my place. 3. secondary: (of education or a school) for children over 11 years old; not as important or urgent as something else. 中级的，次要的，次等的 Secondary basically means “next after the first in order, rank, importance, time, etc.”, from which other meanings are derived. e.g. a secondary technical school 中等技术学校 Such considerations are secondary to our main aim of improving efficiency. Many older people still believe that men’s careers come first and women’s careers are secondary. Para.5 1. prevail: (among, in) be generally accepted or be widespread 盛行，流行 e.g. At last justice has prevailed and the guilty man has been punished. 正义最终取得了胜 利,作恶的人受到了惩罚。 The custom prevails in the whole area. 这风俗存在于这整个地区。 Para.10 1. as are three-fourths of the world’s mail, telexes, and cables: and three-fourths of the world’s mail, telexes, and cables are so too. As, usually followed by be or do + subject, is used here to mean “and so too”. e.g. She is unusually tall, as are both her parents. He goes to work by bike, as do most of his colleagues. Para.14 1. strike a deal: come to an agreement (with someone) especially in business. 2. chances are that: it is likely that. The word chances (used in the plural) in the phrase means possibility. The phrase may also appear with the definite article the. e.g. The chances (or Chances) are that they’ll be late as usual. The chances (or Chances) are (that) the train hasn’t left yet. Para.15 1. in-service: (taking place) during one’s work 在职期间进行的 e.g. the in-service training of teachers The company has started an extensive in-service training program for all its employees
Tape script of listening When I moved to Japan, I often had trouble talking with Japanese people. Whenever I tried to join a conversation, the others would look surprised and suddenly stop talking I knew I was doing omething wrong but i didn ' t know what Maybe I can explain my problem by comparing conversations to certain types of ballgames. A Western-stvle conversation is like a game of I start by"serving someone to hit it back by commenting on it in some way. There's no waiting around. Whoever's nearest and quickest steps up and hits the"ball Japanese conversations, however, are completely different. They're more like bowling. When it's your turn, you step up to the line and carefully roll the ball down the lane. Then everyone else stands around and watches, pausing at the end to record your "score. "Two people never talk at the same time, and no one has to connect what they say to what the last person said This explains why everyone reacted so strangely when I started jumping into conversations in Japan. By following the Western rules, it was like I was playing the wrong game. I kept jumping in when it wasn't my turn Now I see why my Japanese students have so much trouble conversing naturally in English Even when they know enough of the language, it's hard for them to get used to jumping in to hit the conversational"ball. "If you've been trained all your life to play one game, it's very hard to switch to another even after someone explains the rules
１８ Tape script of listening: When I moved to Japan, I often had trouble talking with Japanese people. Whenever I tried to join a conversation, the others would look surprised and suddenly stop talking. I knew I was doing something wrong, but I didn't know what. Maybe I can explain my problem by comparing conversations to certain types of ballgames. A Western-style conversation is like a game of tennis. I start by "serving" a topic and I expect someone to hit it back by commenting on it in some way. There's no waiting around. Whoever's nearest and quickest steps up and hits the "ball." Japanese conversations, however, are completely different. They're more like bowling. When it's your turn, you step up to the line and carefully roll the ball down the lane. Then everyone else stands around and watches, pausing at the end to record your "score." Two people never talk at the same time, and no one has to connect what they say to what the last person said. This explains why everyone reacted so strangely when I started jumping into conversations in Japan. By following the Western rules, it was like I was playing the wrong game. I kept jumping in when it wasn't my turn. Now I see why my Japanese students have so much trouble conversing naturally in English. Even when they know enough of the language, it's hard for them to get used to jumping in to hit the conversational "ball." If you've been trained all your life to play one game, it's very hard to switch to another even after someone explains the rules
Unit 3 TextA Stevie Wonder: Sunshine in the shadow Text-related Information 1. Stevie onder(1950-) Pop star Stevie Wonder; who was born blind, has been a recording artist since the age of ten. His music and songs reflect his ability to draw on diverse themes and a rich variety of musical ideas and techniques. His biggest hits include"Ebomy Ivory"(1982)and"/ Just Call to Say I Love You (1984), which won an Academy Award as best original song 2. rock and roll, rock and roll music, or rock music Rock and roll, ock mll music, or ock music, is a type of popular music marked by a steady beat and a strong rhythm. Rock music combines elements of blues, country music and gospel and its popularity can be traced to the mid-1950s when Elvis Presley was its most successful performer. By the early 1960s, rock and roll became the most popular form of popular music for teenagers and such British groups as the Beetles and the rolling Stones were influential performers. Since the 60s, rock and roll has gained worldwide popularity not only among teens, but also among persons of college age and older 3. Dr Martin Luther King, Jr (1929-1968) Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was the black leader who led direct nonviolent actions for civil rights in the 1960,s in the United States. In 1964. he was awarded the nobel Peace Prize. he was assassinated on April 4, 1968. By vote of Congress, the third Monday of every January, beginning in 1986. is a federal holiday in Dr Kings honor Language points Para. 1 1.. the doctors. told the mother that her son was born blind and likely would always be that way: the doctors told his mother that he was blind when born and would very possibly remain blind all his life Be born blind is a passive structure containing a subject complement---the adjective blind. Other words that may function as the subject complement can be nouns, present participles or past participles e.g. The wall was painted white The man was found dead(or: was found dying 2. break into tears: begin suddenly( to cry,sing, laugh,etc.)突然(哭,唱,笑)起来 e.g. The audience broke into warm applause /laughter at the end of the performance The fans of the winning team broke into song When the little boy saw his mother, he broke into a run Para. 2 1. Blind and black and poor: Being blind and black and poo he adjective phrase in the sentence functions as an adverbial with the meaning of Being(or As he was)blind and black and poor, which normally occurs either at the beginning or end f a sentence e.g. Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote
１９ Unit 3 Text A Stevie Wonder: Sunshine in the Shadow Text-related Information 1. Stevie Wonder (1950- ) Pop star Stevie Wonder, who was born blind, has been a recording artist since the age of ten. His music and songs reflect his ability to draw on diverse themes and a rich variety of musical ideas and techniques. His biggest hits include "Ebony & Ivory" (1982) and "I Just Call to Say I Love You" (1984), which won an Academy Award as best original song. 2. rock and roll, rock and roll music, or rock music Rock and roll, rock & roll music, or rock music, is a type of popular music marked by a steady beat and a strong rhythm. Rock music combines elements of blues, country music and gospel and its popularity can be traced to the mid-1950s when Elvis Presley was its most successful performer. By the early 1960s, rock and roll became the most popular form of popular music for teenagers and such British groups as the Beetles and the Rolling Stones were influential performers. Since the 60s, rock and roll has gained worldwide popularity not only among teens, but also among persons of college age and older. 3. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was the black leader who led direct nonviolent actions for civil rights in the 1960's in the United States. In 1964, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He was assassinated on April 4, 1968. By vote of Congress, the third Monday of every January, beginning in 1986, is a federal holiday in Dr. King's honor. Language Points Para.1 1. … the doctors… told the mother that her son was born blind and likely would always be that way: the doctors told his mother that he was blind when born and would very possibly remain blind all his life. Be born blind is a passive structure containing a subject complement---the adjective blind. Other words that may function as the subject complement can be nouns, present participles or past participles. e.g. The wall was painted white. The man was found dead (or: was found dying ). 2. break into tears: begin suddenly (to cry, sing, laugh, etc.) 突然（哭，唱，笑）起来 e.g. The audience broke into warm applause / laughter at the end of the performance. The fans of the winning team broke into song. When the little boy saw his mother, he broke into a run. Para.2 1. Blind and black and poor: Being blind and black and poor. The adjective phrase in the sentence functions as an adverbial with the meaning of Being (or As he was) blind and black and poor, which normally occurs either at the beginning or end of a sentence. e.g. Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote
Mrs. Brown gazed at him speechless for a moment 2. In her wildest dreams, Mrs. Morris could never have imagined that. . Even in her most absurd dreams,Mrs. Morris could never have considered the possibility that..(做梦也没有 想到) The expression in one's wildest dreams is used to imply that a particular thing is so strange or so unlikely that one can not even think of it e.g. In his wildest dreams he could never have expected to see her again Who, in his wildest dreams, could ever thought of such an idea? Translation No. 7: Even in her wildest dreams, Mother could never have imagined that her son would become a world-famous pianist Para. 3 1. Life was too full He was brought up among…… bear the poverty:生活太充实了。他是 在一群虔诚的教徒中间长大的,信仰使这些人忍受了贫穷。 Church-going people or church-goers are people who attend church services regularly, and who believe zealously in religious teachings on kindness, obedience, endurance, and other qualities, so that they will accept all worldly hardships and sufferings readily This sentence suggests that, under the influence of these people, Stevie was content with 2. resemble: look or be like Resemble is often formal and used especially of persons while look like and be like are both informal and used of either persons or things; and look like is different from be like in that it chiefly means be like to the eye. e.g. She resembles her sisters in appearance but not in character This coat looks just like that one, but it isnt the same material The boy is like his father in every way This box is quite like that one Para. 4 1. sight children children who are able to see 2. not . until/do.. until Ask students to do exe ix 3. As far as he knew, that was all anyone could do As Stevie was born blind, he had no idea what sight was. He thought that, like himself, all other people were only able to hear, smell and touch. That in the sentence refers to the ability to hear, smell and touch as far as: to the degree that.就,尽 e.g. He isn't coming today, as far as I know. As far as they could see, the room was empty Translation No. 1: As far as I know, all they have to do is come and see the child they want to bring up and fill 20
２０ Mrs. Brown gazed at him speechless for a moment. 2. In her wildest dreams, Mrs. Morris could never have imagined that…: Even in her most absurd dreams, Mrs. Morris could never have considered the possibility that…（做梦也没有 想到…） The expression in one’s wildest dreams is used to imply that a particular thing is so strange or so unlikely that one can not even think of it. e.g. In his wildest dreams he could never have expected to see her again. Who, in his wildest dreams, could ever thought of such an idea? Translation: No.7: Even in her wildest dreams, Mother could never have imagined that her son would become a world-famous pianist. Para.3 1. Life was too full. He was brought up among……bear the poverty: 生活太充实了。他是 在一群虔诚的教徒中间长大的，信仰使这些人忍受了贫穷。 Church-going people or church-goers are people who attend church services regularly, and who believe zealously in religious teachings on kindness, obedience, endurance, and other qualities, so that they will accept all worldly hardships and sufferings readily. This sentence suggests that, under the influence of these people, Stevie was content with his conditions. 2. resemble: look or be like Resemble is often formal and used especially of persons while look like and be like are both informal and used of either persons or things; and look like is different from be like in that it chiefly means be like to the eye. e.g. She resembles her sisters in appearance but not in character. This coat looks just like that one, but it isn’t the same material. The boy is like his father in every way. This box is quite like that one. Para.4 1. sight children: children who are able to see. 2. not … until / do … until: Ask students to do Exe.IX. 3. As far as he knew, that was all anyone could do: As Stevie was born blind, he had no idea what sight was. He thought that, like himself, all other people were only able to hear, smell and touch. That in the sentence refers to the ability to hear, smell and touch. as far as: to the degree that. 就…, 尽… e.g. He isn’t coming today, as far as I know. As far as they could see, the room was empty. Translation: No.1: As far as I know, all they have to do is come and see the child they want to bring up and fill up a form