AIRCRAFT NOISE GENERATION AIRFRAME ENGINE SONIC NOISE NOISE BOOM? ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION SPECTRUM MAGNITUDE DIRECTIVITY DURATION FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE. TIME OF DAY. LOCATION HUMAN ANNOYANCE @2003 Waitz 16
AIRCRAFT NOISE GENERATION AIRFRAME NOISE ENGINE NOISE SONIC BOOM? ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION SPECTRUM, MAGNITUDE, DIRECTIVITY, DURATION FREQUENCY OF OCCURENCE, TIME OF DAY, LOCATION HUMAN ANNOYANCE © 2003 Waitz 16
NOISE EFFECTS ON PEOPLE Effects Hearing Loss Annoyance Day Average Qualitative Population Average General Community Attitude nd Description Highly Towards area Level in Annoyed Reaction Decibels 75 and May begin to Noise is likely to be most Very Severe important of all adverse aspects of 70 Will not likely Noise is one of the most adverse seve occur aspects of the community Will not occur Significant Noise is one of the adverse aspects of the community environment Noise may be considered an 60 Will not occur Moderate to adverse aspects of the community Noise considered no more below Will not occur Moderate to slight Important than various other environmental factors (FICON, 1992) @2003 Waitz 18
NOISE EFFECTS ON PEOPLE (FICON, 1992) © 2003 Waitz 18 Effects Hearing Loss Annoyance DayNight Average Sound Level in Decibels Qualitative Description % of Population Highly Annoyed Average Community Reaction General Community Attitude Towards Area 75 and above May begin to occur 37% Very Severe Noise is likely to be most important of all adverse aspects of the community environment 70 Will not likely occur 22% Severe Noise is one of the most adverse aspects of the community environment 65 Will not occur 12% Significant Noise is one of the adverse aspects of the community environment 60 Will not occur 7% Moderate to slight Noise may be considered an adverse aspects of the community environment 55 and below Will not occur 3% Moderate to slight Noise considered no more important than various other environmental factors
COMMERICAL AIRPORT NOISE EXPOSURE MAP (DNL levels 55.0dB 650dB (NM,1999 @2003 Waitz 19
COMMERICAL AIRPORT NOISE EXPOSURE MAP (DNL levels) (INM, 1999) © 2003 Waitz 19
NOISE IMPACT TRENDS phase-out 55%of U.S. fleet Stage 94% reduction in impact Phaseout During 6X mobility growth High Bypass Stage 2 $10B US cost 80, Ratio Engines, Phaseout $43/person/DNLdB TECHnoloGY foundation 70 50 o-om0 .$1Blyr in US for sound abatement $960/person/DNLdB -Low cost effectiveness = ① 402 FAA Projection: Aviation growth alanced by 55 dB technology Day-Night advancement Noise Level 65 dB 0 1975198019851990199520002005201020152020 @2003 Waitz
NOISE IMPACT TRENDS •Phase-out –55% of U.S. fleet –94% reduction in impact –During 6X mobility growth –$10B US cost – –TECHNOLOGY foundation •$1B/yr in US for sound abatement – –Low cost effectiveness $43/person/DNLdB $960/person/DNLdB © 2003 Waitz 20