aviation THE ENVIRONMENT lan a waitz Professor and Deputy Head Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology @2003 Waitz
AVIATION & THE ENVIRONMENT Ian A. Waitz Professor and Deputy Head Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology © 2003 Waitz 1
LECTURE OUTLINE Overview of environmental effects of aircraft · Aircraft noise Impacts and regulatory issues Technology trends Aircraft pollutant emissions Impacts and regulatory issues Technology and emissions trends Summary and references @2003 Waitz 2
LECTURE OUTLINE • Overview of environmental effects of aircraft • Aircraft noise – Impacts and regulatory issues – Technology trends • Aircraft pollutant emissions – Impacts and regulatory issues – Technology and emissions trends • Summary and references © 2003 Waitz 2
AIRPORT Noise RANKING OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Water Qualityitry Current and Future Air Quality Compatibility with Land-use limitations None Applicable Wetlands Most serious problem currently Most serious problem in future Source: GAOs survey of the nations 50 busiest commercial service airports @2003 Waitz (GAO,2000)3
Noise None applicable Compatibility with nearby land uses Air quality Most serious problem currently Most serious problem in the future Wetlands AIRPORT 29 Noise 22 RANKING OF ENVIRONMENTAL 12 Water quality ISSUES Water Quality 6 6 Current and Future Air Quality 16 Compatibility with 2 Land-use limitations 4 1 None Applicable 0 0 Wetlands 2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Number of airports Most serious problem currently Most serious problem in future Source: GAO’s survey of the nation’s 50 busiest commercial service airports. © 2003 Waitz (GAO, 2000) 3
CHARACTERISTICS OF NOISE AND EMISSIONS ISSUES · noise oca Persistence= minutes Well-established metrics Impacts: annoyance, sleep disturbance, domestic animals endangered species? health impacts? · Emissions Local, regional, global Effluents: CO,Ho. no. co, vocs, soot, others Persistence =1 day -1000 years Drastic change in public/scientific perception and regulatory frameworks Impacts: human health, ecosystem health @2003 Waitz
CHARACTERISTICS OF NOISE AND EMISSIONS ISSUES • Noise – Local – Persistence = minutes – Well-established metrics – Impacts: annoyance, sleep disturbance, domestic animals?, endangered species?, health impacts? • Emissions – Local, regional, global – Effluents: CO2, H2O, NOx, CO, VOC’s, soot, others – Persistence = 1 day -1000 years – Drastic change in public/scientific perception and regulatory frameworks – Impacts: human health, ecosystem health © 2003 Waitz 4
AVIATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ·“ EXTERNALITIES” a large fraction of current aviation health and welfare impacts are real costs to society but are not accounted for by the providers or users of the service The government's objectives for aviation are that. the polluter should pay and aviation, like other industries, should meet its external costs, including environmental costs (From UK Department of Transport, Aviation and the Environment, Using Economic Instruments, March 2003) @2003 Waitz
AVIATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS • “EXTERNALITIES” – A large fraction of current aviation health and welfare impacts are real costs to society but are not accounted for by the providers or users of the service “The government’s objectives for aviation are that…the polluter should pay and aviation, like other industries, should meet its external costs, including environmental costs.” (From UK Department of Transport, Aviation and the Environment, Using Economic Instruments, March 2003) © 2003 Waitz 5