DOD ENCROACHMENT External factors such as urbanization increasing environmental restrictions and competition with civilian demands on airspace land, seaspace, and radio frequencies ' The overall trends are adverse because the number of external inputs is increasing, and the readiness impacts are growing. Future testing and training needs will only further exacerbate these issues, as the speed and range of test articles and training scenarios increase. DOD Sustainable Ranges Outreach Plan, SROC Examples: JSF basing, Oceana operations, Navy in Japan Senior Readiness Oversight Council (SRoc)action plans Endangered species, ordnance, frequency encroachment, the maritime sustainability, airspace restrictions, air quality, airborne noise and urban growth House of Representatives proposal (2002 National Security Impact Statement with all Environmental Impact Statements @2003 Waitz
DOD ENCROACHMENT • External factors such as urbanization, increasing environmental restrictions, and competition with civilian demands on airspace, land, seaspace, and radio frequencies “The overall trends are adverse because the number of external inputs is increasing, and the readiness impacts are growing. Future testing and training needs will only further exacerbate these issues, as the speed and range of test articles and training scenarios increase…” (DOD Sustainable Ranges Outreach Plan, SROC) Examples: JSF basing, Oceana operations, Navy in Japan • Senior Readiness Oversight Council (SROC) action plans: – Endangered species, ordnance, frequency encroachment, the maritime sustainability, airspace restrictions, air quality, airborne noise and urban growth • House of Representatives proposal (2002): National Security Impact Statement with all Environmental Impact Statements © 2003 Waitz 11
REGULATIONS: BALANCING PUBLIC GOALS Economy and Mobility vs. National Security vs Environment State vs National interests and control Federal noise Control act local noise restrictions Commercial yes Military no(Nat. Sec. Exemption, but NEPA EIS) Federal clean Air Act State Implementation Plans Military yes(General Conformity rule) Commercial"no"(Interstate Commerce& Trade exemption) Endangered Species and Marine Mammal Protection Acts Military "yes"(Nat. Sec. Exemption, but never used) Commercial yes @2003 Waitz
REGULATIONS: BALANCING PUBLIC GOALS • Economy and Mobility vs. National Security vs. Environment • State vs. National interests and control • Federal Noise Control Act + local noise restrictions – Commercial yes – Military no (Nat. Sec. Exemption, but NEPA EIS) • Federal Clean Air Act + State Implementation Plans – Military yes (General Conformity Rule) – Commercial “no” (Interstate Commerce & Trade exemption) • Endangered Species and Marine Mammal Protection Acts – Military “yes” (Nat. Sec. Exemption, but never used) – Commercial yes © 2003 Waitz 12
GROWTH OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION Reflects increasing environmental impacts and increasing valuation of the environment Cumulative number of federal World-wide civil Aircraft Environmental laws Noise restrictions 350 Curfews 300 它250 CH3 Rest. CERCLA 50 910191119121913191419601970198019902000 0 Materiel Developer's Guide for Pollution Prevention Army Acquisition Support Office, 199 ww.boeing.com @2003 Waitz
GROWTH OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION Reflects increasing environmental impacts and increasing valuation of the environment Materiel Developer’s Guide for Pollution Prevention, Cumulative Number of Federal Environmental Laws World-wide Civil Aircraft Noise Restrictions NAP Charges Quotas Budgets CH2 PO CH2 Rest. CH3 Rest. 1970 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 1980 1990 Year Number of Restrictions 2000 Curfews Levels Army Acquisition Support Office, 1994 www.boeing.com © 2003 Waitz 13
AIRCRAFT REGULATIONS Local National, International Noise · Emissions Certification Certification standards standards Phase-outs Phase-outs Curfews Limited local rules in Flight control place Landing fees Ticket taxes @2003 Waitz
AIRCRAFT REGULATIONS - Local , National, International - • Noise – Certification standards – Phase-outs – Curfews – Flight control – Landing fees – Ticket taxes • Emissions – Certification standards – Phase-outs – Limited local rules in place © 2003 Waitz 14
LECTURE OUTLINE Overview of environmental effects of aircraft Aircraft noise Impacts and regulatory issues Technology trends Aircraft pollutant emissions Impacts and regulatory issues Technology and emissions trends Summary and references @2003 Waitz 15
LECTURE OUTLINE • Overview of environmental effects of aircraft • Aircraft noise – Impacts and regulatory issues – Technology trends • Aircraft pollutant emissions – Impacts and regulatory issues – Technology and emissions trends • Summary and references © 2003 Waitz 15