15.进行下述过程时,系统的△U、△H、△S和△G何者为零? (1)非理想气体的卡诺循环; (2)隔离系统中的任意过程: (3)在100℃,01325Pa下1mo水蒸发成水蒸气; (4)绝热可逆过程。 16.改正下列错误: (1)在一可逆过程中熵值不变: (2)在一过程中熵变是 9: (3)亥姆赫兹函数是系统能做非体积功的能量: (4)吉布斯函数G是系统能做非体积功的能量; (5)焙H是系统能以热的方式交换的能量。 SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring2006©X.J.Jin Lecture 8 Chemical equilibrium
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2006 © X. J. Jin Lecture 8 Chemical equilibrium Quiz Q3 and Q4
Quiz Q3 Answer S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications 15.进行下述过程时,系统的△U、△H、△S和△G何者为零? (])非理想气体的卡诺循环; (2)隔离系统中的任意过程: (3)在100℃,01325Pa下1mo水蒸发成水蒸气; (4)绝热可逆过程。 15题:1)内能变化为0,焓变为0,熵变为0,自由能变化为0。 2):内能变化为0,焓变不一定为0,熵变不一定为0,自由能变化不 一定为0。 3)自由能变化为0。错,主要认为相变过程中内能为0,焓变也为0。 4)只有熵变为0。错误很多。 SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2006 ©X.J.Jin Lecture 8 Chemical equilibrium
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2006 © X. J. Jin Lecture 8 Chemical equilibrium Quiz Q3 Answer 15题:1)内能变化为0,焓变为0,熵变为0,自由能变化为0。 2):内能变化为0,焓变不一定为0,熵变不一定为0,自由能变化不 一定为0。 3)自由能变化为0。错,主要认为相变过程中内能为0,焓变也为0。 4)只有熵变为0。错误很多
Review previous lecture (1) S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Condition of equilibrium Phase equilibrium相平衡/化学反应的平衡 W,e.1→2=0 42=41G2=G SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring2006©X.J.Jin Lecture 8 Chemical equilibrium
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2006 © X. J. Jin Lecture 8 Chemical equilibrium Review previous lecture (1) Condition of equilibrium Phase equilibrium相平衡/化学反应的平衡 δWrev →21. = 0 1,2, = GG ii 1,2, μ = μii
恒温下(O△GOP)T=△V关系式的应用 S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications 在298K和1atm下,石墨为稳定态 298K 石墨(G)>金刚石(D) 己知:石墨和金刚石的标准生产热和标准熵为 0,1900J.mo1,5.73J.mol1.K-1,2.43J.mo1.K1 298K下石墨和金刚石密度为:2.22g.cm3,3.515g.cm-3 V,=12/3.515=3.414cm3.mo-1 'c=5.405cm3.mo1 Diamond g △2Gnm(298K,latm)=△Hm-TASm Graphite T=Constant =1900-298(2.43-5.73)=2883J.mo1>0 Po Equilibrium pressure a△G Pressure- ap =AV='o-'o<0 Figure 4.3 Specific Gibbs free energy versus pressure at con- stant temperature for graphite and diamond. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 20ub x.J.JIn Lecture 8 Cnemical equllibrium
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2006 © X. J. Jin Lecture 8 Chemical equilibrium 恒温下 (∂ΔG/∂P)T =ΔV 关系式的应用 在298K和1atm下,石墨为稳定态 已知:石墨和金刚石的标准生产热和标准熵为 0,1900 J.mol-1, 5.73 J.mol-1.K-1, 2.43 J.mol-1.K-1 298K下石墨和金刚石密度为:2.22 g.cm-3, 3.515 g.cm-3 <−=Δ= 0 ⎟⎟⎠⎞ ⎜⎜⎝⎛ ∂Δ∂ GD T VVV pG 298K 石墨(G) -> 金刚石(D) 2883)73.543.2(2981900 0 )1,298( 1 >⋅=−−= Δ Δ−Δ= − molJ m m STHatmKG m DG 3 1 414.3515.3/12 − VD = = ⋅molcm 3 1 405.5 − VG = ⋅molcm
Review previous lecture (2) S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Clapeyron equation in vapor equilibria Clapeyron equation pand Talong this line △H Te9△V B Change of the melting point of tin resulting from a pressure change of 500 atm △H 7196 T> Figure 4.4 Pressure-temperature relationship Teg△V 505×4.39×10-7 for equilibrium between phases A and B. △p9=500atm△Te9=+1.58K SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring2006©X.J.Jin Lecture 8 Chemical equilibrium
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2006 © X. J. Jin Lecture 8 Chemical equilibrium Review previous lecture (2) Clapeyron equation in vapor equilibria VT H dT dp eq eq eq Δ Δ = Clapeyron equation Change of the melting point of tin resulting from a pressure change of 500 atm 7 1039.4505 7196 − ×× = Δ Δ = Δ Δ VT H T p eq eq eq p Tatm K eq eq =Δ 500 +=Δ 58.1