available chlorine A measure of the amount of chlorine available in chlorinated lime, hypochlorite compounds, and other materials used as a source of chlorine when compared with that of liquid or gaseous chlorine average daily flow(ADF) The total flow past a point over a period of time divided by the number of days in that period average flow The arithmatic average of flows measured at a given point. average rainfall intensity(ArD) A measurement of rainfall per unit of time Avery Filter Recessed chamber filter press by Komline-Sanderson, Engineering AvGPo Automatic valveless gravity filter by USFilter/Warren AWI Anthratech Western Inc AwS American Welding Society AWT See"advanced wastewater treatment(AWT) AWwa American Water Works association AWWARF American Water Works Association Research Foundation axial flow The flow of fluid in the same direction as the axis of symmetry of a tank or basin axial flow pump A type of centrifugal pump in which fluid flow remains parallel to the flow path and develops most of its head by the lifting action of the vanes Zenit Biological wastewater treatment process technology by USFilter/Kruger North America) and oTV. azeotropic A liquid of two or more substances that behaves like a single substance in that the vapor produced by partial evaporation has the same composition the liquid. Aztec Chlorine/oxidant residual analyzer by Capital Controls Co B B-10 life The rated life defining the number of revolutions that 90% of a group of identical bearings will complete before first evidence of failure develops Also known as L-10 life B2AM Multi-media biological filter by USFilter/Kruger(North America)and orv Babcock Water Engineering Former name of CAsS Water Engineering, Inc. BAC Biologically active carbon bacilli Rod-shaped bacteria back pressure Pressure due to a force operating in a direction opposite to that backfill The material used to refill a ditch or excavation, or the process of refilling backflow Flow reversal in a water distribution system that may result in contam nation due to a cross connection backflow prevention device Device used to prevent cross connection, or backflow of nonpotable water into potable water syster
available chlorine A measure of the amount of chlorine available in chlorinated lime, hypochlorite compounds, and other materials used as a source of chlorine when compared with that of liquid or gaseous chlorine. average daily flow (ADF) The total flow past a point over a period of time divided by the number of days in that period. average flow The arithmatic average of flows measured at a given point. average rainfall intensity (ARI) A measurement of rainfall per unit of time. Avery Filter Recessed chamber filter press by Komline-Sanderson, Engineering Corp. AVGF® Automatic valveless gravity filter by USFilter/Warren. AWI Anthratech Western, Inc. AWS American Welding Society. AWT See “advanced wastewater treatment (AWT).” AWWA American Water Works Association. AWWARF American Water Works Association Research Foundation. axial flow The flow of fluid in the same direction as the axis of symmetry of a tank or basin. axial flow pump A type of centrifugal pump in which fluid flow remains parallel to the flow path and develops most of its head by the lifting action of the vanes. Azenit Biological wastewater treatment process technology by USFilter/Krüger (North America) and OTV. azeotropic A liquid of two or more substances that behaves like a single substance in that the vapor produced by partial evaporation has the same composition as the liquid. Aztec® Chlorine/oxidant residual analyzer by Capital Controls Co. B B-10 life The rated life defining the number of revolutions that 90% of a group of identical bearings will complete before first evidence of failure develops. Also known as “L-10 life.” B2A™ Multi-media biological filter by USFilter/Krüger (North America) and OTV. Babcock Water Engineering Former name of CASS Water Engineering, Inc. BAC Biologically active carbon. bacilli Rod-shaped bacteria. back pressure Pressure due to a force operating in a direction opposite to that required. backfill The material used to refill a ditch or excavation, or the process of refilling. backflow Flow reversal in a water distribution system that may result in contamination due to a cross connection. backflow prevention device Device used to prevent cross connection, or backflow of nonpotable water into potable water system
background concentration The general level of air pollutants in a region with all local sources of pollution ignored background contamination Contamination introduced accidentally into dilution waters, reagents, rinse water, or solvents which can be confused with constit- uents in the sample being analyzed background level The concentration of pollutants in a definite area during a fixed period of time prior to starting up a source of emission undercontrol background organic matter(BOM) Natural organic matter in a mixture with nore specihc organIc background radiation Nuclear radiation arising from within the human body and normal surroundings. background soil pH The pH of the soil prior to the addition of substances that alter the hydrogen ion concentration backsiphonage A backflow of water of questionable quality that results from a negative pressure within water distribution system backwash A high-rate reversal of flow for the purpose of cleaning or removing solids from a filter bed or screening medium. backwash rate The flow rate used during filter back wash when the direction of flow through the filter is re versed for cleaning. baCm Best available control measures BACT Best available control technology bacteria Microbes that decompose and stabilize organic matter in wastewater. BADT Best available demonstrated technology BaF (1)See"biologically active filter. (2) Biologically activated foam. baffle An obstructing device or plate used to provide even distribution or to prevent of flo baffle chamber In incinerator design, a chamber designed to promote the settling of fly ash and coarse particulate matter by changing the direction and/or reducing the velocity of the gases produced by the combustion of the refuse Bafileflow Oil removal tank with permeable baffes to prevent short circuiting Walker Process Equipment. bagasse The fibrous residue from crushed sugar cane or sugar beet after the extraction of sugar juice baghouse An air emissions control device that uses a fabric or glass fiber filter to remove airborne particulates from a gas stream. bailer A long pipe with a check valve at the lower end used to remove a slurry or oil from the bottom or side of a well Bakyflo Barge mounted oil skimmer by Vikoma International Ltd. balefill A land disposal site where solid waste material is compacted and baled prior to disposa baler A machine used to compress and bind solid recyclable materials such board or paper. ball valve a valve utilizing a rotating ball with a hole through it that allows straight-through flow in the open position
background concentration The general level of air pollutants in a region with all local sources of pollution ignored. background contamination Contamination introduced accidentally into dilution waters, reagents, rinse water, or solvents which can be confused with constituents in the sample being analyzed. background level The concentration of pollutants in a definite area during a fixed period of time prior to starting up a source of emission undercontrol. background organic matter (BOM) Natural organic matter in a mixture with one or more specific organic chemicals. background radiation Nuclear radiation arising from within the human body and normal surroundings. background soil pH The pH of the soil prior to the addition of substances that alter the hydrogen ion concentration. backsiphonage A backflow of water of questionable quality that results from a negative pressure within water distribution system. backwash A high-rate reversal of flow for the purpose of cleaning or removing solids from a filter bed or screening medium. backwash rate The flow rate used during filter backwash when the direction of flow through the filter is reversed for cleaning. BACM Best available control measures. BACT Best available control technology. bacteria Microbes that decompose and stabilize organic matter in wastewater. BADT Best available demonstrated technology. BAF (1) See “biologically active filter.” (2) Biologically activated foam. baffle An obstructing device or plate used to provide even distribution or to prevent short-circuiting or vortexing of flow entering a tank or vessel. baffle chamber In incinerator design, a chamber designed to promote the settling of fly ash and coarse particulate matter by changing the direction and/or reducing the velocity of the gases produced by the combustion of the refuse or sludge. Baffleflow Oil removal tank with permeable baffles to prevent short circuiting by Walker Process Equipment. bagasse The fibrous residue from crushed sugar cane or sugar beet after the extraction of sugar juice. baghouse An air emissions control device that uses a fabric or glass fiber filter to remove airborne particulates from a gas stream. bailer A long pipe with a check valve at the lower end used to remove a slurry or oil from the bottom or side of a well. Bakflo Barge mounted oil skimmer by Vikoma International Ltd. balefill A land disposal site where solid waste material is compacted and baled prior to disposal. baler A machine used to compress and bind solid recyclable materials such as cardboard or paper. ball valve A valve utilizing a rotating ball with a hole through it that allows straight-through flow in the open position
ballast water Water used in a ships hold for stabilization often requiring treatment as an olly wastewater Ballasted Floc Reactor (BFR) Reactor-clarifier system by USFilter/General Filter ballistic separator A machine that sorts organic from inorganic matter for Bamag Former name of Lurgi Bamag gmbH banana-blade mixer High flow, low-shear mixer with rotating back-swept propeller band application The spreading of pesticides, fertilizer, or other chemicals over or next to, each row of plants in a field Bandit Raking machine by Brackett Geiger bandscreen See"traveling water screen ( TwS bank sand Sand excavated from a natural deposit, usually not suitable for use a filter processing or bar A unit of pressure equal to 0.9869 atmospheres, 10 dynes per square centi meter,100,000 pascals, and 14.5 po r square inch. bar screen A screening device using a parallel set of stationary bars typically spaced at 25 mm(1 inch) to 50 mm(2 inches) Bardenpho M Biological wastewater treatment process for removal of nitrogen Barminutor Combination bar screen and comminuting device by Yeomans Chi- cago c barnacles a marine crustacean with a calcareous shell that attaches itself to submerged objects Barnebey Sutcliffe Former name of Waterlink/Barnebey Sutcliffe barometer An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure barometric condenser A condenser in which vapor is condensed by direct contact barometric damper A pivoting plate used to regulate the amount of air entering duct or flue to maintain a constant draft within an incinerator barometric leg (1)A condensate discharge line submerged below the liquid level of an atmospheric tank (2)A gravity tailpipe from a vacuum barometric condenser barometric pressure Ambient or local pressure surrounding a gauge, evaporator barrel (bbI) 42 U.S. gallon barriered landscape water renovation system(BlWrs) A wastewater treat- ment and denitrification system where wastewater is applied to the top of a mound of soil overlaying a water barrier and microbes oxidize soluble organics the rough the soi barrier reef A long ridge of coral built up from the sea floor that runs parallel to the mainland but is separated from it by a deep lagoon Barry Rake Trash rake by Cross Machine, Inc Bart Best available retrofit technology Bartlett-Snow TM Rotary calciner for soil reclamation by ABB Raymond
ballast water Water used in a ship’s hold for stabilization often requiring treatment as an oily wastewater. Ballasted Floc Reactor™ (BFR) Reactor-clarifier system by USFilter/General Filter. ballistic separator A machine that sorts organic from inorganic matter for composting. Bamag Former name of Lurgi Bamag GmbH. banana-blade mixer High flow, low-shear mixer with rotating back-swept propeller. band application The spreading of pesticides, fertilizer, or other chemicals over, or next to, each row of plants in a field. Bandit™ Raking machine by Brackett Geiger. bandscreen See “traveling water screen (TWS).” bank sand Sand excavated from a natural deposit, usually not suitable for use in a filter processing or grading. bar A unit of pressure equal to 0.9869 atmospheres, 106 dynes per square centimeter, 100,000 pascals, and 14.5 pounds per square inch. bar screen A screening device using a parallel set of stationary bars typically spaced at 25 mm (1 inch) to 50 mm (2 inches). Bardenpho™ Biological wastewater treatment process for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by Baker Process. Barminutor® Combination bar screen and comminuting device by Yeomans Chicago Corp. barnacles A marine crustacean with a calcareous shell that attaches itself to submerged objects. Barnebey & Sutcliffe Former name of Waterlink/Barnebey Sutcliffe. barometer An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure. barometric condenser A condenser in which vapor is condensed by direct contact with water. barometric damper A pivoting plate used to regulate the amount of air entering a duct or flue to maintain a constant draft within an incinerator. barometric leg (1) A condensate discharge line submerged below the liquid level of an atmospheric tank. (2) A gravity tailpipe from a vacuum barometric condenser. barometric pressure Ambient or local pressure surrounding a gauge, evaporator shell, vent pipe, etc. barrel (bbl) 42 U.S. gallons. barriered landscape water renovation system (BLWRS) A wastewater treatment and denitrification system where wastewater is applied to the top of a mound of soil overlaying a water barrier and microbes oxidize soluble organics as the water percolates through the soil. barrier reef A long ridge of coral built up from the sea floor that runs parallel to the mainland but is separated from it by a deep lagoon. Barry Rake Trash rake by Cross Machine, Inc. BART Best available retrofit technology. Bartlett-Snow™ Rotary calciner for soil reclamation by ABB Raymond
basal application The application of pesticides on plant stems or tree trunks just above the soil line base (1)A substance that can accept a proton. (2)A substance that can react with an acid to form a salt. (3)An alkaline substanc aseline A sample used as a comparative reference point when conducting further ests or calculations basic water requirement (BWr) The amount of water required by humans for drinking, sanitation, bathing, and cooking needs to meet a minimum quality of life, and generally considered to be 50 liters per day per person basicity factor Factor used to determine neutralization capabilities of alkaline reagents used to treat acidic wastes basket centrifuge Batch-type centrifuge where sludge is introduced into a verti- ally mounted :s basket and separation occurs as centrifugal force drives he solids to the wall of the basket basophil A cell or substance easily stained by basic dyes. Also spelled"basophile Basys Biofilter Modular air pollution control filter by Basys Technologies BAT See"best available technology(BAT). Batch Master Package wastewater treatment system by USFilter/Industrial Waste batch process A noncontinuous treatment process in which a discrete quantity or batch of liquid is treated or produced at one time. batch reactor A reactor where the contents are completely mixed and flow is neither entering nor leaving the reactor vessel Batch-Master Bottom discharge basket centrifuge by Baker Process/Ketema. Batch-Miser Horizontal plate filter by Baker Process/Ketema. Batch-O-Matic Bottom discharge basket centrifuge by Baker Process/Ketema. BATEA Best available technology economically achievable and available bathyal zone The ecological zone of the ocean above the abyssal zone, generally between 200 and 3500 meters BATNEEC Best available technology not entailing excessive cost battery limit The boundary limits of equipment or a process unit that defines interconnecting points for electrical piping or wiring Bauer Screening equipment product line acquired by Andritz-Ruthner, Inc Baume Designation of hydrometer scale used to indicate specific gravity bauxite Ore containing alumina monohydrate or alumina trihydrate which is the principal raw material for alumina production. bb see“ barrel (bbl)” BCC See"bioaccumulative chemicals of concern(BCC) BCF(1)See"bioconcentration factor (BCF). (2) Bead and crevice free. BCL Screen Back cleaned bar screen by Waste-Tech, Inc. BCPCT Best conventional pollutant control technology BCt Best control technology BDAT See"best demonstrated available technology(BDAT). BDCT Best demonstrated control technology. BDOC See"biodegradable dissolved organic carbon(BDOC)
basal application The application of pesticides on plant stems or tree trunks just above the soil line. base (1) A substance that can accept a proton. (2) A substance that can react with an acid to form a salt. (3) An alkaline substance. baseline A sample used as a comparative reference point when conducting further tests or calculations. basic water requirement (BWR) The amount of water required by humans for drinking, sanitation, bathing, and cooking needs to meet a minimum quality of life, and generally considered to be 50 liters per day per person. basicity factor Factor used to determine neutralization capabilities of alkaline reagents used to treat acidic wastes. basket centrifuge Batch-type centrifuge where sludge is introduced into a vertically mounted spinning basket and separation occurs as centrifugal force drives the solids to the wall of the basket. basophil A cell or substance easily stained by basic dyes. Also spelled “basophile.” Basys Biolfilter Modular air pollution control filter by Basys Technologies. BAT See “best available technology (BAT).” Batch Master Package wastewater treatment system by USFilter/Industrial Wastewater Systems. batch process A noncontinuous treatment process in which a discrete quantity or batch of liquid is treated or produced at one time. batch reactor A reactor where the contents are completely mixed and flow is neither entering nor leaving the reactor vessel. Batch-Master Bottom discharge basket centrifuge by Baker Process/Ketema. Batch-Miser Horizontal plate filter by Baker Process/Ketema. Batch-O-Matic Bottom discharge basket centrifuge by Baker Process/Ketema. BATEA Best available technology economically achievable and available. bathyal zone The ecological zone of the ocean above the abyssal zone, generally between 200 and 3500 meters. BATNEEC Best available technology not entailing excessive cost. battery limit The boundary limits of equipment or a process unit that defines interconnecting points for electrical piping or wiring. Bauer® Screening equipment product line acquired by Andritz-Ruthner, Inc. Baumé Designation of hydrometer scale used to indicate specific gravity. bauxite Ore containing alumina monohydrate or alumina trihydrate which is the principal raw material for alumina production. bbl See “barrel (bbl).” BCC See “bioaccumulative chemicals of concern (BCC).” BCF (1) See “bioconcentration factor (BCF).” (2) Bead and crevice free. BCL Screen Back cleaned bar screen by Waste-Tech, Inc. BCPCT Best conventional pollutant control technology. BCT Best control technology. BDAT See “best demonstrated available technology (BDAT).” BDCT Best demonstrated control technology. BDOC See “biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC)
BDT Best demonstrated technology beachwell a shallow intake well making use of beach sand and structure as a filte medium Bead MoverS lon exchange resin and filter media loading pump by IX Services Bead ThiefTM lon exchange resin core sampler by IX Services Co Beaufort scale A numerical scale of wind force where a beaufort force wind is calm and a force 12 wind indicates hurricane force with winds in excess of 120 km/hr(75 mph) bed depth The depth of filter media or ion exchange resin contained in a vessel. bed load Sediment particles resting on or near the channel bottom that are pushed or rolled along by the flow of water. bed volume(Bv) The volume occupied by filter media in a filter, or resin in an bedrock Solid rock encountered below the mantle of loose rock and soil which occurs on the earths surface Beggiatoa Filamentous microbe, commonly associated with sludge bulking, that results from low dissolved oxygen levels and/or high sulfide levels BEI See"biological exposure indexes(BED) BEJ Best engineering judgement Bekomat@ Micro-processor-driven condensate trap by BEKO Condensate Sys tems Corp Bekosplit Separation process for condensate emulsions by BEKO Condensate Systems Corp Bekox Former name of uSFilter/Bekox Belclene@ Scale control additive by BioLab, Inc Belcor Organic corrosion control by BioLab, Inc Belgard Antiscalant for seawater evaporators by BioLab, Inc. Belite Antifoaming agent by BioLab, Inc. Bellacide Algaecide by BioLab, Inc. BelloZon Chlorine dioxide generator by ProMinent Fluid Controls, Inc. Beloit-Passavant Company acquired by USFilter/Zimpro Belspere Chemical dispersant by BioLab, Inc belt conveyor A device used to transport material, consisting of an endless belt that revolves around head and tail pulleys belt filter press See"belt press belt press a dewatering device utilizing two fabric belts revolving over a series of rollers to squeeze water from the sludge belt thickener Mechanical sludge processing device that uses a revolving hori- zontal filter belt to pre-thicken sludge prior to dewatering and/or disposal bench test A small scale test or study used to determine whether a technology is suitable for a particular application beneficial organism A pollinating insect, pest predator, parasite, pathogen, or other biological control agent which functions naturally or as part of an integrated pest management program to control another pest
BDT Best demonstrated technology. beachwell A shallow intake well making use of beach sand and structure as a filter medium. Bead Mover™ Ion exchange resin and filter media loading pump by IX Services Co. Bead Thief™ Ion exchange resin core sampler by IX Services Co. Beaufort scale A numerical scale of wind force where a Beaufort force 0 wind is calm and a force 12 wind indicates hurricane force with winds in excess of 120 km/hr (75 mph). bed depth The depth of filter media or ion exchange resin contained in a vessel. bed load Sediment particles resting on or near the channel bottom that are pushed or rolled along by the flow of water. bed volume (BV) The volume occupied by filter media in a filter, or resin in an ion exchange device. bedrock Solid rock encountered below the mantle of loose rock and soil which occurs on the earth’s surface. Beggiatoa Filamentous microbe, commonly associated with sludge bulking, that results from low dissolved oxygen levels and/or high sulfide levels. BEI See “biological exposure indexes (BEI).” BEJ Best engineering judgement. Bekomat ® Micro-processor-driven condensate trap by BEKO Condensate Systems Corp. Bekosplit Separation process for condensate emulsions by BEKO Condensate Systems Corp. Bekox Former name of USFilter/Bekox. Belclene® Scale control additive by BioLab, Inc. Belcor Organic corrosion control by BioLab, Inc. Belgard® Antiscalant for seawater evaporators by BioLab, Inc. Belite® Antifoaming agent by BioLab, Inc. Bellacide Algaecide by BioLab, Inc. BelloZon Chlorine dioxide generator by ProMinent Fluid Controls, Inc. Beloit-Passavant Company acquired by USFilter/Zimpro. Belspere® Chemical dispersant by BioLab, Inc. belt conveyor A device used to transport material, consisting of an endless belt that revolves around head and tail pulleys. belt filter press See “belt press.” belt press A dewatering device utilizing two fabric belts revolving over a series of rollers to squeeze water from the sludge. belt thickener Mechanical sludge processing device that uses a revolving horizontal filter belt to pre-thicken sludge prior to dewatering and/or disposal. bench test A small scale test or study used to determine whether a technology is suitable for a particular application. beneficial organism A pollinating insect, pest predator, parasite, pathogen, or other biological control agent which functions naturally or as part of an integrated pest management program to control another pest