aggrade To build up the level or slope of a river bed or valley by the deposit of AGI Acute gastrointestinal illnesses. Agidisc Disc filter with integrated agitation system by Baker Process Agisac Sock-type screening sack by Copa Group AGMA American gear manufacturers association agrichemical Any inorganic, artificial, or manufactured chemical substances used in agricultural processes, usually in the form of fertilizers, herbicides, and agricultural pollution Farming wastes, including runoff and leaching of pesti cides and fertilizers; erosion and dust from plowing; improper disposal of animal manure and carcasses; crop residues; and debris agrochemical A substance such as a fertilizer or insecticide used in agriculture agro-ecosystem Land used for crops, pasture, and livestock; the adjacent uncul vated land that supports other vegetation and wildlife; the associated atmo- phere; and the underlying soils, groundwater, and drainage networks. agronomy Branch of agriculture that deals with the raising of crops and the care of the soil AHERA Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act AhlFloatM Dissolved air flotation by USFilter/Industrial Wastewater Systems Ahlstrom Aquaflow Former name of wastewater equipment product group acquired by USFilter/Industrial Wastewater Systems. Ah/SurfM Surface aerator by USFilter/Industrial Wastewater Systems A-horizon Topsoil, or the uppermost layer of soil, containing the highest accu- mulation of mineral and organic matte AHS See"aquatic humic substances(AHS) AIChE American Institute of Chemical engineers AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) A usually fatal disease in which the human body can no longer defend itself against infections. AIDS is caused by the Hiv retrovirus which is transmitted by the exchange of body fluids AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association air The mixture of gases, primarily oxygen and nitrogen, that surrounds the earth and forms its atmosphere air binding (1)A condition where air enters filter media and harms both the filtration and backwash processes. (2) The obstruction of water flow in a pipeline or pr ump due to the entrapment of air. air bound see“ air binding” air changes per hour(ACH) The movement of a volume of air in a given period of time; if a building has one air change per hour, it means that all of the air in the building will be replaced in a one-hour period Air Comb Coarse bubble diffuser by Amwell, Inc air contaminant Smoke, dust, fume, gas, odor, mist, radioactive substance vapor, pollen, or any combination thereof air curtain A vertical barrier of air bubbled upward through water to contain oil spills or discourage fish from entering polluted water
aggrade To build up the level or slope of a river bed or valley by the deposit of sediment. AGI Acute gastrointestinal illnesses. Agidisc® Disc filter with integrated agitation system by Baker Process. Agisac Sock-type screening sack by Copa Group. AGMA American Gear Manufacturers Association. agrichemical Any inorganic, artificial, or manufactured chemical substances used in agricultural processes, usually in the form of fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. agricultural pollution Farming wastes, including runoff and leaching of pesticides and fertilizers; erosion and dust from plowing; improper disposal of animal manure and carcasses; crop residues; and debris. agrochemical A substance such as a fertilizer or insecticide used in agriculture. agro-ecosystem Land used for crops, pasture, and livestock; the adjacent uncultivated land that supports other vegetation and wildlife; the associated atmosphere; and the underlying soils, groundwater, and drainage networks. agronomy Branch of agriculture that deals with the raising of crops and the care of the soil. AHERA Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act. AhlFloat™ Dissolved air flotation by USFilter/Industrial Wastewater Systems. Ahlstrom Aquaflow Former name of wastewater equipment product group acquired by USFilter/Industrial Wastewater Systems. AhlSurf™ Surface aerator by USFilter/Industrial Wastewater Systems. A-horizon Topsoil, or the uppermost layer of soil, containing the highest accumulation of mineral and organic matter. AHS See “aquatic humic substances (AHS).” AIChE American Institute of Chemical Engineers. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) A usually fatal disease in which the human body can no longer defend itself against infections. AIDS is caused by the HIV retrovirus which is transmitted by the exchange of body fluids. AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association. air The mixture of gases, primarily oxygen and nitrogen, that surrounds the earth and forms its atmosphere. air binding (1) A condition where air enters filter media and harms both the filtration and backwash processes. (2) The obstruction of water flow in a pipeline or pump due to the entrapment of air. air bound See “air binding.” air changes per hour (ACH) The movement of a volume of air in a given period of time; if a building has one air change per hour, it means that all of the air in the building will be replaced in a one-hour period. Air Comb® Coarse bubble diffuser by Amwell, Inc. air contaminant Smoke, dust, fume, gas, odor, mist, radioactive substance vapor, pollen, or any combination thereof. air curtain A vertical barrier of air bubbled upward through water to contain oil spills or discourage fish from entering polluted water
air diffuser a device designed to transfer atmospheric oxygen into a liquid air gap An open vertical gap or empty space that separates drinking water supply from another water system in a treatment plant or other location to protect it irom contamination by backflow or backsiphonage Air Grid/M Sand filter air scour system by Roberts Filter Group air lock The condition that occurs when air accumlated in a high point of a ng or blocking the flow of water air mass A large body of air that has uniform properties such as temperature and padding Pumping dry air into a container to assist with the withdrawal of iquid or to force a liquified gas such as chlorine out of the container. air pollutant Airborne gases, liquids, or solids that may be hazardous to animal pla air pollution The presence in the atmosphere of any airborne gases, liquids, or solids that may be hazardous to animal or plant life. air pollution episode A period of abnormally high concentration of air pollutants, often due to low winds and temperature inversion, that can cause illness and death air purifying respirator(APR) A respirator that uses physical and/or chemical air breathed by the user. Air Quality Control Region Federally designated area that is required to meet and maintain federal ambient air quality standards air quality criteria The levels of pollution and lengths of exposure above which adverse health and welfare effects may occur. air quality related value(AQRv) A value referring to the reduction in visibility that may be caused by a new air emission Air Quality Standards The level of pollutants prescribed by regulations that may not be exceeded during a given time in a defined area. air scour The agitation of granular filter media with air during the filter backwash cycle ir Seal Coarse bubble diffuser by Jet, Inc Air Shuttle Wastewater aeration system by Meurer Industries, Inc air stripping The process of removing volatile and semivolatile contaminants rom liquid by passing air and liquid countercurrently through a packed tower air toxics Any air pollutant for which a NAAQs does not exist that may reasonably be anticipated to cause cancer, developmental effects, reproductive dysfunc- tions, neurological disorders, heritable gene mutations, or other serious irreversible chronic or acute health effects in humans Airamic Air/gas diffuser by Ferro Corp. AiRanger Tank level measurement system by Milltronics, Inc. Airbeam M Aluminum aeration basin cover by Enviroquip, Inc Airbrush rotor aerator by United Industries, Inc AirCircm Assembly used to maintain the vortex within a wastewater degritter by Fluidyne Corp Airco Former name of boc gases Aircushion Flotation clarifier by Wilfley Weber, Inc
air diffuser A device designed to transfer atmospheric oxygen into a liquid. air gap An open vertical gap or empty space that separates drinking water supply from another water system in a treatment plant or other location to protect it from contamination by backflow or backsiphonage. Air Grid™ Sand filter air scour system by Roberts Filter Group. air lock The condition that occurs when air accumlates in a high point of a pipeline, reducing or blocking the flow of water. air mass A large body of air that has uniform properties such as temperature and humidity. air padding Pumping dry air into a container to assist with the withdrawal of liquid or to force a liquified gas such as chlorine out of the container. air pollutant Airborne gases, liquids, or solids that may be hazardous to animal or plant life. air pollution The presence in the atmosphere of any airborne gases, liquids, or solids that may be hazardous to animal or plant life. air pollution episode A period of abnormally high concentration of air pollutants, often due to low winds and temperature inversion, that can cause illness and death. air purifying respirator (APR) A respirator that uses physical and/or chemical means to filter air breathed by the user. Air Quality Control Region Federally designated area that is required to meet and maintain federal ambient air quality standards. air quality criteria The levels of pollution and lengths of exposure above which adverse health and welfare effects may occur. air quality related value (AQRV) A value referring to the reduction in visibility that may be caused by a new air emission. Air Quality Standards The level of pollutants prescribed by regulations that may not be exceeded during a given time in a defined area. air scour The agitation of granular filter media with air during the filter backwash cycle. Air Seal Coarse bubble diffuser by Jet, Inc. Air Shuttle Wastewater aeration system by Meurer Industries, Inc. air stripping The process of removing volatile and semivolatile contaminants from liquid by passing air and liquid countercurrently through a packed tower. air toxics Any air pollutant for which a NAAQS does not exist that may reasonably be anticipated to cause cancer, developmental effects, reproductive dysfunctions, neurological disorders, heritable gene mutations, or other serious or irreversible chronic or acute health effects in humans. Airamic® Air/gas diffuser by Ferro Corp. AiRanger Tank level measurement system by Milltronics, Inc. Airbeam™ Aluminum aeration basin cover by Enviroquip, Inc. Airbrush™ Rotor aerator by United Industries, Inc. AirCirc™ Assembly used to maintain the vortex within a wastewater degritter by Fluidyne Corp. Airco Former name of BOC Gases. Aircushion Flotation clarifier by Wilfley Weber, Inc
Aire-0, Propeller aspirator aerator by Aeration Industries, Inc Air-Grit Aerated grit removal system by Walker Process Equipment AirJectionM Aeration system by Mazzei Injector Corp Airlance M In-vessel composting technology by CBI Walker, Inc(licensee)and American Bio Tech, Inc (licensor) airlift A device for pumping liquid by injecting air near the bottom of a riser pipe submerged in the liquid to be pumped, lowering the specific gravity of the fluid mixture, and allowing it to rise up the riser pump Airmaster Floating irmaster Aerator AirMASTER Wet particulate scubber by Fen-Tech Environmental, Inc. Air-Mix Pulsed bed filter surface cleaning process by USFilter/Zimpr Airmizer Air diffuser by USFilter/Diffused Air Products Group AirofioM Rotor aerator by S&N Airoflo, Inc. Air-O-Lator' Floating aerator by Air-O-Lator Corp AiroPump Air lift pump by Walker Process Equipment AirOXAL Pure oxygen process by Air Liquide America. AirRaidertm mtBe pump and treat system by Product Level Control, Inc AirRide Density contolling system for compost in-feed by the former Waste Solu Airsep Aerated grit collector system by USFilter/Aerator Products AirSep Pressure swing adsorption oxygen systems by AirSep Corp Air Tainer Tank cover by Nu Tech Environmental Corp air-to-cloth ratio Bag house application criteria which is the ratio of the air flow line to net cloth area air-to-water ratio Air stripping application criteria indicating the volume of air required per volume of water to remove volatile contaminants. Airvac Vacuum sewage collection system by Airvac, Inc. AISC American Institute of Steel Construction aisi American iron and steel Institute AlWPS Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond System. Akta Klor Sodium chlorite solution by Vulcan Performance Chemicals Aktivor Selective oxidant with specificity for sulfides by Vulcan Performance AL Acceptable level. alabaster A compact, fine-grained gypsum material alachlor A herbicide used mainly to control weeds in corn and soybean fields and marketed under the trade name Lasso ALAPco Association of Local Air Pollution Control officers Alar Trade name for a pesticide used primarily to make apples redder, firmer, and less likely to fall off trees prematurely ALARA As low as reasonably achievable Albrivap High temperature additive for evaporators by Albright wilson Americas lcofir Inorganic coagulant by Ciba Specialty Chemicals alcohol A class of compounds containing the hydroxyl group OH aldehyde a class of organic compounds produced by the oxidation of alcohols containing a CHo group including formaldehyde and acetylaldehyde
Aire-O2 ® Propeller aspirator aerator by Aeration Industries, Inc. Air-Grit Aerated grit removal system by Walker Process Equipment. AirJection™ Aeration system by Mazzei Injector Corp. AirLance™ In-vessel composting technology by CBI Walker, Inc. (licensee) and American Bio Tech, Inc. (licensor). airlift A device for pumping liquid by injecting air near the bottom of a riser pipe submerged in the liquid to be pumped, lowering the specific gravity of the fluid mixture, and allowing it to rise up the riser pump. Airmaster Floating aerator by Airmaster Aerator. AirMASTER Wet particulate scubber by Fen-Tech Environmental, Inc. Air-Mix® Pulsed bed filter surface cleaning process by USFilter/Zimpro. Airmizer Air diffuser by USFilter/Diffused Air Products Group. Airoflo™ Rotor aerator by S&N Airoflo, Inc. Air-O-Lator® Floating aerator by Air-O-Lator Corp. AiroPump Air lift pump by Walker Process Equipment. AirOXAL® Pure oxygen process by Air Liquide America. AirRaider™ MTBE pump and treat system by Product Level Control, Inc. AirRide Density contolling system for compost in-feed by the former Waste Solutions. Airsep Aerated grit collector system by USFilter/Aerator Products. AirSep® Pressure swing adsorption oxygen systems by AirSep Corp. AirTainer™ Tank cover by NuTech Environmental Corp. air-to-cloth ratio Bag house application criteria which is the ratio of the air flow line to net cloth area. air-to-water ratio Air stripping application criteria indicating the volume of air required per volume of water to remove volatile contaminants. Airvac® Vacuum sewage collection system by Airvac, Inc. AISC American Institute of Steel Construction. AISI American Iron and Steel Institute. AIWPS Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond System. Akta Klor Sodium chlorite solution by Vulcan Performance Chemicals. Aktivox Selective oxidant with specificity for sulfides by Vulcan Performance Chemicals. AL Acceptable level. alabaster A compact, fine-grained gypsum material. alachlor A herbicide used mainly to control weeds in corn and soybean fields and marketed under the trade name Lasso. ALAPCO Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officers. Alar Trade name for a pesticide used primarily to make apples redder, firmer, and less likely to fall off trees prematurely. ALARA As low as reasonably achievable. Albrivap High temperature additive for evaporators by Albright & Wilson Americas. Alcofix® Inorganic coagulant by Ciba Specialty Chemicals. alcohol A class of compounds containing the hydroxyl group OH. aldehyde A class of organic compounds produced by the oxidation of alcohols containing a CHO group including formaldehyde and acetylaldehyde
aldicarb An insecticide made from ethyl isocyanate and sold under the trade name aldrin An insecticide and suspected carcinogen which has been banned for agri- cultural use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) algae Primitive, free-floating, plant-like aquatic organisms whose biological activ ity affect the pH and dissolved oxygen content in a water body Algae Sweep Automation Automated clarifier algae sweep system by Ford Hall Algae Monitor On-line fluorometer to monitor relative algae levels in a water ystem by Turner Designs algal bloom A rapidly reproducing floating colony of algae that may cover a stream, lake, or reservoir, creating a nuisance condition AlgaSORB lon exchange medium for heavy metal removal by Bio-Recovery algicide Any substance used to kill algae. Also "algaecide aliphatic compounds Organic compounds with carbon atoms arranged in a straight or branched chain, rather than a ring te amount of Alizair Fixed growth biotreat system for removal of odorous compounds from wastewater by USFilter/Kruger and OTV. alkali A substance with highly basic properties. alkali metals The elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium. alkaline Water containing sufficient amounts of alkalinity to raise the pH above 7.0 alkaline soil Soil with a pH greater than 7.0 alkalinity The ability of a water to neutralize an acid due to the presence of carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide ions. Alkalinity FirsfM Sodium bicarbonate by Church Dwight Co Inc alkaloid Any of a group of organic compounds containing nitrogen and having alkaline properties including caffeine, cocaine, morphine, nicotine, and strychnine alkalosis Abnormal condition in the body resulting from an excess alkalinity and an increased blood and tissue pH, often caused by exposure to low-oxygen air found at high altitudes Alka-Pro Process control system for biological wastewater treatment systems by USFilter/Davco All Climate m Field-erected package wastewater plant by USFilter/Davco allergen A substance inducing an allergic state or reaction. allergy A hypersensitivity to a particular substance such as food, pollen, or dus that causes the immune system to overreact to the substance Allied Colloids Former name of Ciba Specialty Chemicals Allis-Chalmers Former name of A-C Compressor Corp Allison Internally fed rotating drum screen by KRC (Hewitt) Inc allotropy The ability of an element to exist naturally in different forms in the same solid, liquid, or gaseous state
aldicarb An insecticide made from ethyl isocyanate and sold under the trade name Temik. aldrin An insecticide and suspected carcinogen which has been banned for agricultural use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). alga The singular form of “algae.” algae Primitive, free-floating, plant-like aquatic organisms whose biological activity affect the pH and dissolved oxygen content in a water body. Algae Sweep Automation Automated clarifier algae sweep system by Ford Hall Co., Inc. AlgaeMonitor On-line fluorometer to monitor relative algae levels in a water system by Turner Designs. algal bloom A rapidly reproducing floating colony of algae that may cover a stream, lake, or reservoir, creating a nuisance condition. AlgaSORB® Ion exchange medium for heavy metal removal by Bio-Recovery Systems, Inc. algicide Any substance used to kill algae. Also “algaecide.” aliphatic compounds Organic compounds with carbon atoms arranged in a straight or branched chain, rather than a ring. aliquot The amount of a sample used for analysis. Alizair® Fixed growth biotreat system for removal of odorous compounds from wastewater by USFilter/Krüger and OTV. alkali A substance with highly basic properties. alkali metals The elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium. alkaline Water containing sufficient amounts of alkalinity to raise the pH above 7.0. alkaline soil Soil with a pH greater than 7.0. alkalinity The ability of a water to neutralize an acid due to the presence of carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide ions. Alkalinity First™ Sodium bicarbonate by Church & Dwight Co. Inc. alkaloid Any of a group of organic compounds containing nitrogen and having alkaline properties including caffeine, cocaine, morphine, nicotine, and strychnine. alkalosis Abnormal condition in the body resulting from an excess alkalinity and an increased blood and tissue pH, often caused by exposure to low-oxygen air found at high altitudes. Alka-Pro® Process control system for biological wastewater treatment systems by USFilter/Davco. All Climate™ Field-erected package wastewater plant by USFilter/Davco. allergen A substance inducing an allergic state or reaction. allergy A hypersensitivity to a particular substance such as food, pollen, or dust that causes the immune system to overreact to the substance. Allied Colloids Former name of Ciba Specialty Chemicals. Allis-Chalmers Former name of A-C Compressor Corp. Allison Internally fed rotating drum screen by KRC (Hewitt) Inc. allotropy The ability of an element to exist naturally in different forms in the same solid, liquid, or gaseous state
alluvial soil Soil formed of material that was carried by flowing water before being alpha factor The ratio of oxygen transfer coefficients for water and wastewater alpha particle A positively charged atomic particle composed of two neutrons and two protons released by some atoms undergoing radioactive decay alpha radiation A stream of positively charged particles released from radioactive Isotopes alpha ray A stream of particles emitting from the nucleus of a helium atom alpine tundra An ecosystem found at high altitudes, above the timberline, char- acterized by mosses, lichens, and low-growing herbaceous plants ALR Action leakage rate alternative energy Energy obtained from sources other than traditional fossil fuels or nuclear energy, and which are usually renewable and nonpolluting. Alter native energy sources include solar energy, wave power, wind power, geother- mal power, and biomass fuels alum Common name for aluminum sulfate, frequently used as a coagulant in water and wastewater treatment. Chemical formula is AL,(sO4)3 alum sludge Sludge resulting from treatment process where alum is used as a Alumadome Self supporting aluminum covers for circular tanks by Conservatek Industries. Inc Alumavault Self supporting aluminum covers for rectangular tanks by Conser vatek Industries. Inc alumina A form of aluminum oxide, also called"corundum"or"emery. Chemical formula is alo aluminum A lightweight, nonferrous metal with good corrosion resistance and electrical and thermal conductivity. Chemical symbol is Al aluminum chlorohydrate(ACh Water treatment coagulant. aluminum sulfate See"alum AlumStor Modular liquid storage tank and feed system by Modu Tank, Inc Alundum Porous diffuser dome by Sanitaire Corp Alusil 70M Custom-activated zeolites by Selecto, Inc amalgam An alloy of mercury with one or more other metals. Silver amalgam is used as a dental filling. Amazon M Pulse jet baghouse filter bags by W.L. Gore& Associates, Inc Amberjer" Ion exchange resins by Rohm Haas, Co Amberlite Ion exchange resins by Rohm& Haas, Co AmberpackTM lon exchange resins by Rohm Haas, Co. Ambersombe Carbonaceous adsorbent for VOC removal by rohm Haas Co ambient air quality A general term used to describe the condition of the outdoor amendment Organic material or bulking agent such as wood chips or sawdust added to municipal solids in a composting operation to promote uniform air flow
alluvial soil Soil formed of material that was carried by flowing water before being deposited. alpha factor The ratio of oxygen transfer coefficients for water and wastewater at the same temperature and pressure; used in the sizing of aeration equipment. alpha particle A positively charged atomic particle composed of two neutrons and two protons released by some atoms undergoing radioactive decay. alpha radiation A stream of positively charged particles released from radioactive isotopes. alpha ray A stream of particles emitting from the nucleus of a helium atom undergoing disintegration. alpine tundra An ecosystem found at high altitudes, above the timberline, characterized by mosses, lichens, and low-growing herbaceous plants. ALR Action leakage rate. alternative energy Energy obtained from sources other than traditional fossil fuels or nuclear energy, and which are usually renewable and nonpolluting. Alternative energy sources include solar energy, wave power, wind power, geothermal power, and biomass fuels. alum Common name for aluminum sulfate, frequently used as a coagulant in water and wastewater treatment. Chemical formula is Al2(SO4)3. alum sludge Sludge resulting from treatment process where alum is used as a coagulant. Alumadome Self supporting aluminum covers for circular tanks by Conservatek Industries, Inc. Alumavault Self supporting aluminum covers for rectangular tanks by Conservatek Industries, Inc. alumina A form of aluminum oxide, also called “corundum” or “emery.” Chemical formula is Al203. aluminum A lightweight, nonferrous metal with good corrosion resistance and electrical and thermal conductivity. Chemical symbol is Al. aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) Water treatment coagulant. aluminum sulfate See “alum.” AlumStor Modular liquid storage tank and feed system by ModuTank, Inc. Alundum Porous diffuser dome by Sanitaire Corp. Alusil 70™ Custom-activated zeolites by Selecto, Inc. amalgam An alloy of mercury with one or more other metals. Silver amalgam is used as a dental filling. Amazon™ Pulse jet baghouse filter bags by W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Amberjet® Ion exchange resins by Rohm & Haas, Co. Amberlite® Ion exchange resins by Rohm & Haas, Co. Amberpack™ Ion exchange resins by Rohm & Haas, Co. Ambersomb® Carbonaceous adsorbent for VOC removal by Rohm & Haas Co. ambient air quality A general term used to describe the condition of the outdoor air. amendment Organic material or bulking agent such as wood chips or sawdust added to municipal solids in a composting operation to promote uniform air flow