Quarks Electric Electric Charge Charge Bottom -1/3 Top 2/3 Strange -1/3 Charm 2/3 Down -1/3 Up 2/3 each quark:●R,●B,●G3 colors Leptons Electric Electric Charge Charge Tau -1 Tau Neutrino 0 Muon Muon -1 Neutrino 0 Electron -1 Electron Neutrino 0
轻子的发现 Xelectron (e) o In 1897,Using a cathode tube, Thomson discovers the electron at the Cavendish laboratory in England. He receives the Nobel Prize in 1906. electron neutrino (v.) In 1956,Experimenters led by Cowan and Reines at the Savannah River plant detect the first neutrino.Reines shares the 1995 Nobel Prize
轻子的发现 Ìelectron (e) : l In 1897, Using a cathode tube, Thomson discovers the electron at the Cavendish laboratory in England. He receives the Nobel Prize in 1906. Ìelectron neutrino (νe ) In 1956, Experimenters led by Cowan and Reines at the Savannah River plant detect the first neutrino. Reines shares the 1995 Nobel Prize
☒muon(u): In 1937,Neddermeyer and Anderson discover the muon in a cosmic-ray experiment. ☒muon neutrino(Yn) In 1962,Scientists at BNL discover the muon neutrino.Lederman,Schwartz,Steinberger receive the 1988 Nobel Prize
Ìmuon (μ) : In 1937, Neddermeyer and Anderson discover the muon in a cosmic-ray experiment. Ìmuon neutrino (νμ ) In 1962, Scientists at BNL discover the muon neutrino. Lederman, Schwartz , Steinberger receive the 1988 Nobel Prize
Xtau T: ● In 1976,Experimenters at SLAC discover the tau lepton,the first observation of a third-generation particle. Perl shares the 1995 Nobel Prize. tau neutrino (v,): In 2000,Fermilab announces first direct evidence for the interaction of a tau neutrino in a detector.Indirect indications for the existence of this particle existed since more than two decades
Ìtau (τ) : l In 1976, Experimenters at SLAC discover the tau lepton, the first observation of a third-generation particle. Perl shares the 1995 Nobel Prize. Ìtau neutrino (ντ ) : In 2000, Fermilab announces first direct evidence for the interaction of a tau neutrino in a detector. Indirect indications for the existence of this particle existed since more than two decades
1994年，两个“天才设计师” 加 利福尼亚大学研究生维多里奥·保罗内和费米 国家实验室物理学家拜伦伦德伯格提出了建 立“τ型中微子直接观测器”的构想，这一想 法得到费米国家实验室的支持，并在两年后 建成了观测器。 从1997年起，54位来自美国、日本、希 腊和韩国的科学家在费米实验室合作探测τ中 微子。他们用粒子加速器制造一股可能含有τ 中微子的中微子束，然后让中微子束穿过“ 中微子直接观测器”内一个约1米长的铁板靶 这一铁板靶被两层感光乳剂夹着，感光乳剂 类似于胶卷，能够“记录”粒子与铁原子核 的相互作用
l 1994年，两个“天才设计师”———加 利福尼亚大学研究生维多里奥·保罗内和费米 国家实验室物理学家拜伦·伦德伯格提出了建 立“τ型中微子直接观测器”的构想，这一想 法得到费米国家实验室的支持，并在两年后 建成了观测器。 从1997年起，54位来自美国、日本、希 腊和韩国的科学家在费米实验室合作探测τ中 微子。他们用粒子加速器制造一股可能含有τ 中微子的中微子束，然后让中微子束穿过“τ 中微子直接观测器”内一个约1米长的铁板靶。 这一铁板靶被两层感光乳剂夹着，感光乳剂 类似于胶卷，能够“记录”粒子与铁原子核 的相互作用