粒子物理中的对称性 预言 现实 偏离对称 Mc2 0.9396 0.9383 同位旋(SU2) 质量相同 0.14% π 00 M(=M(π+)？ 3.3% Mc2 0.1396 0.1350 0.1396 八重法(SU3) ΣA 粒子的质量都相同 ~30%
粒子物理中的对称性 预言 现实 同位旋（SU2) 质量相同 M(p 0 )=M(p + )?? 八重法(SU3) 粒子的质量都相同 偏离对称 0.14% 3.3% ~30%
八重法 M.Gell-Mann,Y.Ne'eman,1962 KO K+ Mesons π n 典型的SU3对称 Strange 介子 ness K KO 为什么有这样的对称 Electric 性？ 奇异数 charge 0+1 n p 电荷数 Baryons 0 A 重子 0 2
奇异数 电荷数 重子 介子 八重法 典型的SU3对称 为什么有这样的对称 性？
Constituents of matter Electrons（10-18m) see Atom nucleus nucleon quark 10-10m 1014m 10-15m 10-18m
Electrons (10-18 m ) Atom nucleus nucleon quark 10-10 m 10-14 m 10-15 m 10-18 m Constituents of matter see
1964年盖尔曼提出了夸克模型，认为介子 是由夸克和反夸克所组成，重子是由三个夸克 组成。 强子(hadron) Baryons.重子 Mesons介子 999 99 Anti Baryons Hundreds of possible 99g combinations or particles
q q q Baryons重子 Mesons 介子 q q q q q Anti Baryons Hundreds of possible combinations or particles 强子(hadron) 1964年盖尔曼提出了夸克模型，认为介子 是由夸克和反夸克所组成，重子是由三个夸克 组成
Physicists call the ELEMENTARY theoretical framework that describes the interactions PARTICLES between elementary building blocks (quarks and leptons)and the force carriers (bosons)the Standard Model. syueno charm Gravity is not yet part of strange bottom this framework,and a central question of 21st century particle physics is clectron neutrino muon neutrino tau ncutrino the search for a quantum formulation of gravity cectron that could be included in the Standard Model. Three Generations of Matter 娄Fermilab95-759
Physicists call the theoretical framework that describes the interactions between elementary building blocks (quarks and leptons) and the force carriers (bosons) the Standard Model. Gravity is not yet part of this framework, and a central question of 21st century particle physics is the search for a quantum formulation of gravity that could be included in the Standard Model