Functions of phosphorus 1. The unique function of phosphate in metabolism is its formation of pyrophosphate bonds which allow energy transfer. ATP is required for the synthesis of glucans(葡聚糖), which supply g! ucos(葡糖基) for starch and fat UTP is required for the synthesis of sucrose, cellulose and callose(胼胝质) with UPP- glucose as glucosyl donor. CTP is needed for the synthesis of phospholipids All these nucleotide triphosphates are essential blocks for the synthesis of nucleic acids
Functions of phosphorus • 1. The unique function of phosphate in metabolism is its formation of pyrophosphate bonds which allow energy transfer. • ATP is required for the synthesis of glucans (葡聚糖), which supply glucosyl(葡糖基） for starch and fat. • UTP is required for the synthesis of sucrose, cellulose and callose (胼胝质）with UPP-glucose as glucosyl donor. • CTP is needed for the synthesis of phospholipids. • All these nucleotide triphosphates are essential blocks for the synthesis of nucleic acids
Functions of phosphorus 2. Controlling enzyme reactions and the regulation of metabolic processes Phospofructo2 kinase(2-磷酸果糖激酶) Which catalyzes the synthesis of fructose-2, 6 phosphate-.-a signal metabolite which opens the glycolytic pathway (wE 酵解途径) to initiate carbohydrate degradation 6 new class of ribozymes(核苷酶) are made up tirely from RNA
Functions of phosphorus 2. Controlling enzyme reactions and the regulation of metabolic processes. • • Phospofructo-2 kinase(2-磷酸果糖激酶) which catalyzes the synthesis of fructose-2,6 phosphate.-.-a signal metabolite which opens the glycolytic pathway(糖 酵解途径) to initiate carbohydrate degradation. • a new class of ribozymes(核苷酶) are made up entirely from RNA
Functions of phosphorus 3. Photosynthesis and photosynthate translocation -C metabolism Low concentrations of inorganic phosphate in the cytosol prevent the export of triosephosphate (磷酸丙糖) which leads to starch synthesis and accumulation in the chloroplast P deficiency also decrease ATP supply and the rates of synthesis of RuBP needed for carboxylation(羧化作用)
Functions of phosphorus 3. Photosynthesis and photosynthate translocation.—C metabolism • Low concentrations of inorganic phosphate in the cytosol prevent the export of triosephosphate (磷酸丙糖) which leads to starch synthesis and accumulation in the chloroplast. • P deficiency also decrease ATP supply and the rates of synthesis of RuBP needed for carboxylation(羧化作用)
Functions of phosphorus 4. Increase the n uptake and metabolic NO3-N uptake NO2-N reduction NH2 assimilation, such as amino acids and protein
Functions of phosphorus • 4. Increase the N uptake and metabolic • NO3 -N uptake • NO3 -N reduction • NH3 assimilation, such as amino acids and protein
Functions of phosphorus 5. Improve the stress tolerance The drought tolerance adequate P supply may counteract mild water stress effecting tillering and leaf growth of wheat The cold tolerance The salt tolerance Energy charge ATP+1/2ADP EC (能量电荷) ATP+ ADP+AMP The resistance to the disease
Functions of phosphorus • 5. Improve the stress tolerance • The drought tolerance • adequate P supply may counteract mild water stress effecting tillering and leaf growth of wheat • The cold tolerance • The salt tolerance Energy charge (能量电荷) The resistance to the disease ATP ADP AMP ATP ADP EC + + + = 1/ 2