For graduate students Chap. 1 Introduction Terms - definition exposure unit: the activity, group, region or resource exposed to significant climatic variations effect: directly produced by a process or agent(e. g climate) acting on an exposure unit Impact: an effect on the exposure unit having some assigned relative value or importance assessment: the scientific appraisal of effects evaluation: the assignment of significance or importance to effects or to alternative strategies
For graduate students Terms: • exposure unit: the activity, group, region or resource exposed to significant climatic variations • effect: directly produced by a process or agent (e.g., climate) acting on an exposure unit • impact: an effect on the exposure unit having some assigned relative value or importance • assessment: the scientific appraisal of effects • evaluation: the assignment of significance or importance to effects or to alternative strategies Chap. 1 Introduction --definition
For graduate students Chap. 1 Introduction definition 气候影响评价一揭示某一长期时段气候特征对 人类生产和生活的影响,包括平均特征和极端 事件。 例如:气候资源与灾害、气候要素参与的地球 表层过程等 气候变化影响评价-揭示气候变化对人类生存 环境、人类生产和生活的影响
•气候影响评价--揭示某一长期时段气候特征对 人类生产和生活的影响，包括平均特征和极端 事件。 例如：气候资源与灾害、气候要素参与的地球 表层过程等 •气候变化影响评价-揭示气候变化对人类生存 环境、人类生产和生活的影响。 Chap. 1 Introduction --definition For graduate students
For graduate students Chap 1 Introduction -background Scientific development Fact: climate change Theory: climatology-- from classical to modern Technological development Observation: in situ/space-based observation Data processing: computer, proxy data oc1al requirements Resources depletion Disasters increasing Sustainable development
Chap. 1 Introduction --background For graduate students • Scientific development Fact: climate change Theory: climatology-- from classical to modern • Technological development Observation: in situ/space-based observation Data processing: computer, proxy data • Social requirements Resources depletion Disasters increasing Sustainable development
For graduate students Chap 1 Introduction objectives Adaptation 调整自然或人类系统以响应实际发生的或预期的气候变化 及其影响。据此,可以减轻气候变化的有害作用并利用其 有益方面,达到趋利弊害的目的。适应的类型很多,如预 先适应,自治性适应,有计划适应,个别适应,公众适应, 以及反应性适应等 ° Mitigation 以人为或人工干涉的方式减少温室气体的源或增加温室气 体的汇,以达到减轻或阻止气候恶化或不利后果的目的
Chap. 1 Introduction --objectives For graduate students • Adaptation 调整自然或人类系统以响应实际发生的或预期的气候变化 及其影响。据此，可以减轻气候变化的有害作用并利用其 有益方面，达到趋利弊害的目的。适应的类型很多，如预 先适应，自治性适应，有计划适应，个别适应，公众适应， 以及反应性适应等。 • Mitigation 以人为或人工干涉的方式减少温室气体的源或增加温室气 体的汇，以达到减轻或阻止气候恶化或不利后果的目的
Climate Change Impacts on human and natural systems Food and water resources 5e8-jevel rise Ecosystem and biodiverslty Precloltstion change Humen se/ tlements Droughts and foods Human health Adaptation Emissions and Socio-economic 旨 concentrations development paths ie growth Greenhouse gases Te Aerosols Popuation