Research on the International Space Station Prof Dava Newman for Dr. Arnauld E. Nicogossian, MD Associate Administra NASA Office of Life Microgravity Sciences& Applications eptember 2000 Why Space Station? EmErse Station is an international cooperative research platform To Provide an advanced testbed for technology human exploration a state-of-the-art research facility on which to study gravity's effects on phy sical, chem ical, biological systems To Learn a commercial platform for space research how to live, explore, and work development how to use the attributes of space to enhance products processes for Earth
To Provide... …..an advanced testbed for technology & human exploration …..a state-of-the-art research facility on which to study gravity‘s effects on physical, chemical, & biological systems …..a commercial platform for space research & development To Learn... …..how to live, explore, and work productively in space …..how to use the attributes of space to enhance products & processes for Earth HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA] STATIO N Research on the International Space Station Prof . Dava Newman for 16.423J/HST515J Many thanks to: Dr. Arnauld E. Nicogossian, MD Associate Administrator NASA Off ice of Life & Microgravity Sciences & Applications September 2000 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS Why Space Station? [OLMSA] To Provide... …..an advanced testbed for technology & human exploration …..a state-of-the-art research facility on which to study gravity‘s effects on physical, chem ical, & biological systems …..a commercial platform for space research & development Station is an international cooperative research platform To Learn... …..how to live, explore, and work productively in space …..how to use the attributes of space to enhance products & processes for Earth 1
Space Station Exploration Station is a testbed for solar system xploration The Martian Surface The mars transhab Sojourner Rover Exploration Technology The First Steps A Whole The first station element launched on 20 Novembe·1998 In Human Space Flight First Station rikalev, Flight First crew o Second crew 4/00
2 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA] Space Station & Exploration Station is a testbed for solar system exploration The Mars Transhab The Martian Surface Sojourner Rover Exploration Technology HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS The First Steps [OLMSA] The first Station element launched on 20 November 1998 William (Bill) Shepherd, Commander Yuri Pavlovich Gidzenko, Soyuz Commander Sergei K. Krikalev, Flight Engineer First Station ingress, 10 Dec. 1998 First Station ingress, 10 Dec. 1998 Yuri Usachev; Expedition Commander Susan J. Helm s James S. Voss
What is Space Station? A means to link research communities in space on ear At least 4 Major Research Capability International Biomedical research Countermeasures laboratories Developme variab S ogy Ecology(under Gravitational biolo Attache U.S. Lab 03/00 Payload Sites Fluids Com bustic Multipurpose Human- machine Interfaces and advanced Low Temperature ug Physics Racks &1 Earth Observation& Space Science Pallets Multipurpose EXPRESS Racks Pallets c eesa.m-m- What is Space Station? u s o Rce came Resources 4-LaRaFRLONY Thermal Control Data Handling Communications nescience) Microgravity 10 Gaseous N, 0, CO,. Ar. He Vacuum Exposure Vent Human Intervention Observational Windows ISPR EXPRESS Rack Outfitting 3
3 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS What is Space Station? [OLMSA] A means to link research communities in space & on Earth Major Research Capability • Biomedical Research & Countermeasures Development • Gravitational Biology & Ecology (under variable gravity) • Materials Science • Biotechnology • Fluids & Combustion • Human-machine Interfaces and Advanced Life Support • Low Temperature µg Physics • Earth Observation & Space Science • Multipurpose EXPRESS Racks & Pallets Major Research Capability • Biomedical Research & Countermeasures Development • Gravitational Biology & Ecology (under variable gravity) • Materials Science • Biotechnology • Fluids & Combustion • Human-machine Interfaces and Advanced Life Support • Low Temperature µg Physics • Earth Observation & Space Science • Multipurpose EXPRESS Racks & Pallets • At least 4 International Laboratories • External Attached Payload Sites • Multipurpose EXPRESS Racks & Pallets U.S. Lab 03/00 U.S. Lab 03/00 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE AND MICROGRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA] What is Space Station? Resources ISPR EXPRESS Rack Outfitting • Power • Thermal Control • Data Handling & Communications (Telescience) œ On Board œ From the Ground • Microgravity 10-6 • Gaseous N2, O2, CO2, Ar, He • Vacuum Exposure & Vent • Human Intervention • Observational Windows
Gravitational Biology What is the role of gravity in the evolution, development, structure, and function of life and as a result life's interactions Through what mechanisms do plants animals sense and respond to gravi and what is the gravitational threshold for this perception to occur?* What role does gravity play in the development of gravity-sensing vestibular Are there developmental processes in plants and animals that depend upon gravitational stimuli?* Centrifuge 2 g g Iomeaica res,&A小 Human Support Tech. What is required to assure the health, safety and productivity for humans living working in space How do humans adapt to space flight conditions, and how can we best facilitate that adaptation readaptation to a gravity environment? What are the hazards to humans posed by the space and what are the optimum solutions to minimize these hazards? 黑e Human Research Facility
with its environment? HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE ] 2 g 0 g Centrifuge l • • • AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS Gravitational Biology [OLMSA *Questions derived from Space Studies Board, Nationa Research Council, A Strategy for Research in Space Biology and Medicine in the New Century, 1998 What is the role of gravity in the evolution, development, structure, and function of life, and as a result, life’s interactions What role does gravity play in the development of gravity-sensing vestibular systems in animals?* Are there developmental processes in plants and animals that depend upon gravitational stimuli?* Through what mechanisms do plants & animals sense and respond to gravity, and what is the gravitational threshold for this perception to occur?* HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE ] i 5X 3X Rack in space? • • AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA Biomedical Res. & Adv. Human Support Tech. GASMAP Ac tv e 2 Passive Rack U tility Drawer (Portable Computer and A ccessories) Drawer Assembly 4 PU X 24L Drawer Assembly 8 PU X 24L Drawer Assembly 16 PU X 24L Human Research Facility What is required to assure the health, safety and productivity for humans living & working How do humans adapt to space flight conditions, and how can we best facilitate that adaptation & readaptation to a gravity environment? What are the hazards to humans posed by the space environment, and what are the optimum solutions to minimize these hazards? 4
Biotechnology What are the controlling mechanisms in cellular aggregation and differentiation which would allow in vitro growth of cells organisms, organs, and other biologically interesting structures? How does gravity affect protein crystallization growth, and what factors are responsible for increasing the structural resolution of certain protein crystals grown in ug?* Can ug cell culturing technology improve the limits of ground-based tissue ngineering? Fluid Physics Combustion science What is the most effective energy conversion process involving combustion and how can we achieve that? What are the fundamental forces affecting fluid behavior? How do dominant forces in microgravity, such as surface tension gradient- driven flows. affect fluid behavior. and how do magnetic electrical forces affect fluid transport in variable gravity environmen How do flames behave in variable gravity environments, and how is this atmospheric fuel composition What are the forces governing soot formation in combustion
HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE ] in vitro growth of cells, • • of ground-based tissue l AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS Biotechnology [OLMSA What are the controlling mechanisms in cellular aggregation and differentiation which would allow organisms, organs, and other biologically interesting structures? How does gravity affect protein crystallization & growth, and what factors are responsible for increasing the structural resolution of certain protein crystals grown in µg?* Can µg cell culturing technology improve the limits engineering? *Questions derived from Space Studies Board, Nationa Research Council, Microgravity Research Opportunities for the 1990s, 1995 HEDS ENTERPRISE OFFICE OF LIFE ] Fluid Physics & • • • processes? l AND MICRO GRAVITY SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS [OLMSA Combustion Science What is the most effective energy conversion process involving combustion, and how can we achieve that? How do dominant forces in microgravity, such as surface tension gradientdriven flows, affect fluid behavior, and how do magnetic & electrical forces affect fluid transport in variable gravity environments?* How do flames behave in variable gravity environments, and how is this dependent upon atmospheric & fuel composition?* What are the forces governing soot formation in combustion What are the fundamental forces affecting fluid behavior? *Questions derived from Space Studies Board, Nationa Research Council, Microgravity Research Opportunities for the 1990s, 1995 5