Access of bacteria invasion o Bacteria spread to the meninges directly through anatomic defects in the skull or head trauma Invasion from parameningeal organs such as paranasal sinuses or middle ear
Bacteria spread to the meninges directly: through anatomic defects in the skull or head trauma Invasion from parameningeal organs: such as paranasal sinuses or middle ear Access of bacteria invasion
2. Pathology o Structure of meninges Cranial bone venous sinus Extradural Arachnoid villus Dura mater Subdural space Arachnoid mater Subarachnoid Cerebral space blood vessel Subpial space Pla mater Brain Perivascular space Fig. 1. The meninges
2. Pathology Structure of meninges
Pathology o Characterized by leptomeningeal and perivascular infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and an inflammatory exudate Exudate which may be distributed from convexity of brain to basal region of cranium Exudate is more thickness due to streptococcus pneumoniae than other pathogens
Characterized by leptomeningeal and perivascular infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and an inflammatory exudate. Exudate which may be distributed from convexity of brain to basal region of cranium. Exudate is more thickness due to streptococcus pneumoniae than other pathogens. Pathology
3. Clinical manifestations The younger the child is, the higher incidence of meningitis will be. 12-2/3 of cases occur less than lyr of age ◆ Mode of presentation Acute or fulminant onset: symptoms and signs of sepsis; meningitis evolve rapidly over a few hours and death within 24 hours, usually infected with Neissria meningitides (N. meningitides)
3. Clinical manifestations The younger the child is, the higher incidence of meningitis will be. ½-2/3 of cases occur less than 1yr of age. Mode of presentation: • Acute or fulminant onset: symptoms and signs of sepsis; meningitis evolve rapidly over a few hours and death within 24 hours; usually infected with Neissria meningitides (N. meningitides)
Mode of presentation ● Subacute onset: Precede by several days of upper respiratory tract or gastrointestinal symptoms; difficult to pinpoint the exact onset of meningitis; usually with meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae (H influenzae)and streptoccus pneumococcus (S pneumococcus)
• Subacute onset: Precede by several days of upper respiratory tract or gastrointestinal symptoms; difficult to pinpoint the exact onset of meningitis; usually with meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae (H influenzae) and streptoccus pneumococcus (S pneumococcus). Mode of presentation