1.2 Phonemes Phonology is not specifically concernedwith the physical properties of the speechproduction system. Phoneticians are concerned withhow soundsdiffer in the way they are pronounced whilephonologists are interested in the patterningof such sounds and the rules that underliesuch variations
1.2 Phonemes ◼ Phonology is not specifically concerned with the physical properties of the speech production system. ❑ Phoneticians are concerned with how sounds differ in the way they are pronounced while phonologists are interested in the patterning of such sounds and the rules that underlie such variations
Crystal: “Phonologicalanalysis relies on theprinciple that certainsounds cause changes inthe meaning of a word orphrase, whereas othersounds do not'.Minimal pairs testPhonemes
◼ Crystal: ‘Phonological analysis relies on the principle that certain sounds cause changes in the meaning of a word or phrase, whereas other sounds do not’. ❑ Minimal pairs test ❑ Phonemes
The word ‘phoneme' simply refers to a‘unit of explicit sound contrast': theexistence of a minimal pair automaticallygrants phonemic status to the soundsresponsible for the contrasts. By selecting one type of sound instead ofanother we can distinguish one word fromanother
◼ The word ‘phoneme’ simply refers to a ‘unit of explicit sound contrast’: the existence of a minimal pair automatically grants phonemic status to the sounds responsible for the contrasts. ❑ By selecting one type of sound instead of another we can distinguish one word from another
Languages differ in the selection ofcontrastive sounds. In English, the distinction between aspirated[ph] and unaspirated [p] is not phonemic. In Chinese, however, the distinction between/p/and /ph/ isphonemic
◼ Languages differ in the selection of contrastive sounds. ❑ In English, the distinction between aspirated [ph] and unaspirated [p] is not phonemic. ❑ In Chinese, however, the distinction between /p/ and /ph/ is phonemic
In Chinese, the distinction between /pland /ph/is phonemic, so that “宾(bin)”and“拼(pin)"are transcribed in IPAas /pin/and /phin/ respectively. The difference between the pinyin symbols band p is not the difference of voicing but thedifference of aspiration - there is no voiced /b/in Chinese Putonghua
◼ In Chinese, the distinction between /p/ and /ph/ is phonemic, so that “宾(bīn)” and “拼(pīn)” are transcribed in IPA as /pın/ and /ph ın/ respectively. ❑ The difference between the pinyin symbols b and p is not the difference of voicing but the difference of aspiration – there is no voiced /b/ in Chinese Putonghua