Barry J. Marshall 8 Robin warren The nobel prize i Physiology or Medicine 2005 for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role gastritis and peptic ulcer disease
Barry J. Marshall & J. Robin Warren The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005 "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease
实验狭得性感染 35o 30o 25O 20o 15o 1o0 T-98
实验室获得性感染
实验室生物安全概念的建立 Pike 1979: the knowledge, the techniques, and the equipment to most laboratory infection are available 实验室感染的防护概念与方法 CDC Office of Biosafety 1974: Classification of Etiologic Agents on the Basic of Hazard CDC: Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedica/ Laboratories (93-3; 99-4; 07-5) 四级分类法:病原,生物安全水平,动物生物安全水平JY. Richmond&Rw. McKinney OC. NIH 3rd EDIMON OTe. NIH 4th Edition Biosafety in Microbiological Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical laboratories and Biomedical Laboratories 包 Nabor! Irattrtes of Health Us Galeana Many Office CDC CDC
实验室生物安全概念的建立 • Pike 1979： “the knowledge, the techniques, and the equipment to most laboratory infection are available” 实验室感染的防护概念与方法 • CDC Office of Biosafety 1974: Classification of Etiologic Agents on the Basic of Hazard CDC: Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories （93-3 ；99-4 ；07-5 ） 四级分类法：病原，生物安全水平，动物生物安全水平 J.Y. Richmond & R.W. McKinney
其它实验室生物安全问题 the NIH Guidelines for Recombinant DNA Research. Nly NCl, 1978. Laboratory Safety Monograph: A Supplement 1994. Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules 重组DNA技术的生物安全性问题 CDC 1988. Universal Precautions for Prevention of Transmission of Hiv, Hepatitis b Virus and other Bloodborne Pathogens in Healthcare Settings U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 1991. Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens 艾滋病与血液传播疾病 U.S. Congress, 1988. Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988 医学废物处理
NCI, 1978. Laboratory Safety Monograph: A Supplement to the NIH Guidelines for Recombinant DNA Research. NIH. 1994. Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules. 重组DNA技术的生物安全性问题 CDC 1988. Universal Precautions for Prevention of Transmission of HIV ,Hepatitis B Virus and Other Bloodborne Pathogens in Healthcare Settings. U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 1991. Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens 艾滋病与血液传播疾病 U.S. Congress, 1988. Medical Waste Tracking Act of 1988. 医学废物处理 其它实验室生物安全问题
生物因子危险分级 CDC/NIH 1999) 危险1级:被充分认识的生物危害因子,始终被认为不可 导致健康成年人群疾病;对实验室工作人员和环境只有最小 的潜在危害。 危险2级:对实验室工作人员和环境有中等潜在危害的生 物危害因子。 危险3级:通过吸入途径(用于临床,诊断,教学,科研 或生产实验室)接触可能导致严重或潜在致死性疾病的本土 或外来生物危害因子。 危险4级:通过悬浮微粒传播的实验室感染和危害生命的 疾病,从而形成高度个体风险的外来生物危害因子
生物因子危险分级 （ CDC/NIH 1999 ） 危险 1级：被充分认识的生物危害因子，始终被认为不可 导致健康成年人群疾病；对实验室工作人员和环境只有最小 的潜在危害。 危险 2级：对实验室工作人员和环境有中等潜在危害的生 物危害因子。 危险 3级：通过吸入途径（用于临床，诊断，教学，科研 或生产实验室）接触可能导致严重或潜在致死性疾病的本土 或外来生物危害因子。 危险 4 级：通过悬浮微粒传播的实验室感染和危害生命的 疾病，从而形成高度个体风险的外来生物危害因子