克劳修斯表述 Clausius statement o Transfer heat from high temperature reservoir to low temperature ones is a spontaneous process. However it is irreversible 从高温物体向低温物体的传热是一个自发过程但是不 可逆) o transfer heat from low temperature gh tem possible. However it will leave influence on environment (从低温物体向高温物体的传热过程是可以实现的但会 给环境造成一定影响)
克劳修斯表述 Clausius statement ⚫ Transfer heat from high temperature reservoir to low temperature ones is a spontaneous process. However it is irreversible. (从高温物体向低温物体的传热是一个自发过程,但是不 可逆) ⚫ Transfer heat from low temperature reservoir to high temperature ones is possible. However it will leave influence on environment. (从低温物体向高温物体的传热过程是可以实现的,但会 给环境造成一定影响)
空调制冷 代价:耗功 (Air-Conditioning, (Cost: Energy Refrigerating Consumption) 热量不可能自发地、不付代价地从低温物体 传至高温物体
空调,制冷 (Air-Conditioning, Refrigerating) 代价：耗功 (Cost: Energy Consumption) 热量不可能自发地、不付代价地从低温物体 传至高温物体
2.开尔文一普朗克表述 Kelvin planck statement 不可能从单一热源取热,并使之完全转变为有用 功而不产生其它变化。 It is impossible for any device that operates on a cycle to receive heat from a single reservoir and produce a net amount of work
2. 开尔文－普朗克表述 不可能从单一热源取热，并使之完全转变为有用 功而不产生其它变化。 Kelvin－Planck Statement It is impossible for any device that operates on a cycle to receive heat from a single reservoir and produce a net amount of work
开尔文一普朗克表述 Kelvin- planck statement No heat engine can achieve a 100 percent thermal efficiency. (热机的效率不可能达到100%) For a heat engine the working fluid must exchange heat with the environment. 对于热机来说,工质必然和环境交换热量) 热机不可能将从热源吸收的热量全部转变为有用功, 而必须将某一部分传给冷源
No heat engine can achieve a 100 percent thermal efficiency. (热机的效率不可能达到100%) For a heat engine, the working fluid must exchange heat with the environment. (对于热机来说,工质必然和环境交换热量) 热机不可能将从热源吸收的热量全部转变为有用功， 而必须将某一部分传给冷源。 开尔文－普朗克表述 Kelvin－Planck Statement
Heat reservoirs Thermal Energy Source Heat Thermal Energy Sink 冷热源容量无限大,取、放热其温度不变
Heat reservoirs Thermal Energy Source Heat Thermal Energy Sink 冷热源:容量无限大，取、放热其温度不变