Certain simple and widely occurring alcohols have g common names that are accepted by IUPAC, for example D (CH3 3COH CH2-CHCH2OH CHOH 叔丁醇 烯丙醇 苄醇 tert-Butyl alcoho Allyl alcohol Benzyl alcohol (2-Methyl-2-propanol)(2-Propen-1-ol)(Phenylmethanol) HOCHoCHOH CH, CHCH CICH,CH,OH OH OHOH 醇 甘油 β-氯乙醇 Ethylene glycol Glycerol β- Chloroethyl alcohol 2(1, 2-Ethanediol)(1, 2,3-Propanetriol)(2-Chloroethanol)
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University Certain simple and widely occurring alcohols have common names that are accepted by IUPAC, for example: CH 2 CHCH 2OH CH 2OH 烯丙醇 苄醇 Allyl alcoho l B enzyl alcoho l ( 2 - P r ope n -1-ol ) (Phenylmethanol) HOCH 2CH 2OH CH 2CHCH 2 OH OHOH ClCH 2CH 2OH 乙二醇 甘油 β−氯乙醇 Et h y l e n e g l y col Gl y c e rol β− C hloroethyl alcoho l (1,2-Ethanediol) (1,2,3-Pro p anetriol) ( 2 - C h loroe t h anol ) (C H 3 ) 3 COH 叔丁醇 (2-Methyl-2-pro p anol) tert-Butyl alcoho l
2.系统命名 d Simple alcohols are name by the IUPAC system as n derivatives of the parent alkane, using the suffix-ol 了D H,. OH CHCHCH OH H OH 顺1,4环己二醇 3苯基2丁醇 cis-1, 4-Cyclohexanediol 3-Phenyl-2-butanol CHoCI 2-(氯甲基)1丁醇 CH? Ch, Chch,oh 2-(Chloromethyl)-1-butanol)
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 2. 系统命名 Simple alcohols are name by the IUPAC system as derivatives of the parent alkane, using the suffix -ol H H OH OH CHCHCH 3 CH 3 OH CH 3CH 2CHCH 2OH CH 2Cl 顺 1,4 环己二醇 cis-1,4 - C yclo hexanedio l 3 苯基 2 丁醇 2- (氯甲基 ) 1 丁醇 3 - P heny l-2-b u tano l 2- ( C h lorome t h y l ) - 1 - b u t a nol )
3.物理性质 引醇的沸点 了D 比同碳原子数的烷烃、卤代烃高,也比 豆分子量相近的烷烃高。 化合物分子量沸点() CHaCh,oh 46 78.5 CHrCH 30 98 Chr hoch 44 42 CH3 CH,CI 64.5 12 Z RH RCI ROH
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 3. 物理性质 醇的沸 点 比同碳原子数的烷烃 卤代烃高 也比 分子量相近的烷烃高 化合物 分子量 沸点 ( ) CH 3CH 2OH CH 3CH 3 CH 3CH 2CH 3 CH 3CH 2Cl 46 78.5 30 98 44 42 64.5 12 RH RCl ROH
醇的分子间氢键 QD3 R R O H H H R 氢键 3.溶解度( Solubilit!y 20 kJ/mol 司低级醇溶于水 随分子量增加溶解度降低 xR—OH 亲脂基团 亲水基团
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 醇的分子间氢键 H O O O R R R H H 氢键 20 kJ/mol 3. 溶解度(Solubility) 低级醇溶于水 随分子量增加溶解度降低 R OH 亲脂基团 亲水基团
81.3醇的制备和来源 由烯烃制备——水合,硼氢化-氧化,羟 汞化-脱汞,羰基合成反应 ■由羰基化合物制备—— Grignard反应, 与炔化物反应,还原 ■由卤代烃水解
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 8.1.3 醇的制备和来源 由烯烃制备—— 水合 硼氢化 -氧化 羟 汞化 -脱汞 羰基合成反应 由羰基化合物制备—— Grignard 反应 与炔化物反应 还原 由卤代烃水解