Apex of lung Thyroid cartilage Clavicle Thyroid gland Coracoid proces Acromion Trachea Manubrium 3 Humerus Right border of the heart 4 terTium Border of left A×iarg ventricle fold 5 6 Dome of diaphragm Xiphoid cartilage Pleural reflection Infrasternal angle Costal arch
Aortic arch uperior wena cava Mediastinal nodes Ascendi ng aorta . St cardiac plexus L recurrent Rir ight pul monary artery laryngeal nerve Pulmonary trunk Left pul monary vein Right pul monary vein Left plumonary artery pericardiacophrenic art. Horizontal fissure Aortic valve Right coronary artery Left anterior descend ng Right atrium coronary artery Left inferior bronchus Right inferior pulmonary vein Mitral valve Tricuspid valve Chordae tendi neae Right ventricle la of Jeft lur Right dome Apex of the heart ot diaphragm Left dome of diaphragm
Epidemiology of Chd 豢 Preva|ence CHD occurs in0.5-0.8% of live births The incidence is higher among stillborns 死产(3-4%), abortuses流产(10-25%),and premature infants(about 2% excluding PDA) about 2-3 in 1.000 newborn infants will be symptomatic with heart disease in the first year of life
Epidemiology of CHD Prevalence CHD occurs in 0.5-0.8% of live births; The incidence is higher among stillborns 死产(3-4%), abortuses流产(10-25%), and premature infants (about 2% excluding PDA); About 2-3 in 1,000 newborn infants will be symptomatic with heart disease in the first year of life
Epidemiology of Chd w Prevalence he diagnosis is established by 1 week of age in 40-50% of patients with CHD and by 1 month of age in 50-60% patients With the advances in both palliative姑息 and corrective surgery of the last 20 years the number of children with CHD surviving to adulthood has increased dramatically
Epidemiology of CHD Prevalence The diagnosis is established by 1 week of age in 40-50% of patients with CHD and by 1 month of age in 50-60% patients; With the advances in both palliative姑息 and corrective surgery of the last 20 years, the number of children with CHD surviving to adulthood has increased dramatically;
Epidemiology of Chd w Prevalence Despite these advances, CHD remains the leading cause of death in children with congenItal malformations Most congenital defects are well tolerated in the fetus because of the parallel nature of the fetal circulation
Epidemiology of CHD Prevalence Despite these advances, CHD remains the leading cause of death in children with congenital malformations; Most congenital defects are well tolerated in the fetus because of the parallel nature of the fetal circulation