ECOLOGTGONCEPTSANDAPLLIOTONSEEPLOITATONFKEDATIONPRSITSMParasites that alter thebehavior of their hostAcanthacephalans(spiny-headedworms)Amphipods:the worm make it more likely that infectedone will be eaten by a suitable vertebrate host(ducksbeavers,muskratsnegative phototaxispositivephototaxisA life stage, cystacanth,thatiscapableof infectingthevertebrate host
• Parasites that alter the behavior of their host Acanthacephalans (spiny-headed worms) , Amphipods: the worm make it more likely that infected one will be eaten by a suitable vertebrate host(ducks, beavers, muskrats ). negative phototaxis positive phototaxis A life stage, cystacanth, that is capable of infecting the vertebrate host
Janice Mo0re(1983.1984,)A terrestrial isopod cats1lays cggs within the intestinesthefeces of an infectedeggsofPlagiorhynchus cylindraceus, a acanthacephalanWnehushatchwithina few hours:theydevelop intoamatureArmadillidiumyulgare, a pill buglarvain60-65daysSturnus vulgaris, the European starling1%, 40%3mm,8mmMixed3 months, cystacanth stage.Thematurelarvae of3PlagiorhychusalterisopodO0Less time in sheltered areas, more time in low humiditywanderintheopenenvironments,on light-colored substratesLeavingsheltermakestheisopods more conspicuousandvulnerable to predation bybirds,When eatenbyabird,thematurePlagiorhvnchusattachesto the bird'sintestinal wallFIGURE 11.2The life cyele of Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus,an intestinal parustre ofbinds
Janice Moore(1983,1984,) Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus, a acanthacephalan Armadillidium vulgare, a pill bug Sturnus vulgaris, the European starling 1%, 40% 3mm, 8mm 3 months, cystacanth stage. Mixed. Less time in sheltered areas, more time in low humidity environments, on light-colored substrates
Probablybecause of theirmoreconspicuousbehavior,a higherproportion of isopodsinfectedwith Plagiorhynchus were eaten by starlings80)eee604020OUninfectedInfectedConditionFIGURE 11.3Starling predation on uninfected and infected Armadillidiumvulgare(datafromMoore1984b)
APlantPathogen ThatMimics FlowersPucinia monoica, a rust of fungiYellowleaveArabissppnianocmophoaoydepAsRanunculus sppneaebPue
• A Plant Pathogen That Mimics Flowers Pucinia monoica, a rust of fungi. Arabis spp. Yellow leave Ranunculusspp
ICUREIL.sThe sedofowersformed yArabishoelbliwfrcerdScepieiniThepiedofohersfoeodbianbehoalcaracineroawidewngies Puciniaimonoicassuch as cheonhispolygonia buters