arison of conventional and co fiuorescence micro The mitotic spindle in a fertilized sea urchin egg stained by ant-tubu in antibodies A pollen
lPhase- contrast microscope相差显微镜 Differential- -interference microscope微分干涉显微镜 (rotated 90" wth respect to polarizer separaled by the prsm below Condenser tans LignM source A-9 Optics ation of the ontical elements and the paths of light rays through the oscope. The configuraton t e-cmmtrast microscope Pink lines represent light diffracted by the rays thtough the DIC specimen, and black I nes represent direct hght Figure A-8 Phas ah of enithe al celis The cells were abserved in an unprocessed and unstained state whch is a major advantage ot phase-contrast microscopy
Phase-contrast microscope 相差显微镜 Differential-interference microscope微分干涉显微镜
A comparison of yeast cells that were growing on the vaginal epithelium seen with different types of LM Four types of light microscopy for observation of living cells Bnght-fieid Differential-interference- contrast Phase-contrast 50pn Dark-field Bright-field: simple transmission of light through a cell; Phase-contrast and DIC: interference effects produced when these two sets of waves recombine Dark-field: detect scattered light produced from the side
A comparison of yeast cells that were growing on the vaginal epithelium seen with different types of LM
I Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, FRET FRET技术是检测活体中生物大分子纳米级距离和纳米级距离变化的有力工 具,可以检测某一细胞中两个蛋白是否存在直接的相互作用 荧光共振能量转移原理图 供体蛋白与受体蛋白无相互作用(A)和有相互作用(B)时的荧光变化 (距离在5-10mm的范围内)。FRET效率反映了体内两种蛋白是否直接相互 作用及作用的强弱
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer，FRET FRET技术是检测活体中生物大分子纳米级距离和纳米级距离变化的有力工 具，可以检测某一细胞中两个蛋白是否存在直接的相互作用 荧光共振能量转移原理图: 供体蛋白与受体蛋白无相互作用（A）和有相互作用（B）时的荧光变化 (距离在5－10nm的范围内 )。FRET效率反映了体内两种蛋白是否直接相互 作用及作用的强弱
8b. Protein-protein interactions: FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer blue fluorescent green fluorescent protein blue protein green iolet blue light light light light excitation emission excitation emission (A) protein X protein Y blue green violet light light light OUT light OUT (B)NO PROTEIN INTERACTION (C)PROTEIN INTERACTION NO EXCITATION OF GREEN FLUORESCENCE RESONANCI FLUORESCENT PROTEIN ENERGY TRANSFER BLUE LIGHT DETECTED GREEN LIGHT DETECTED