Langue vs parole(F de saussure) Langue -the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of the speech community Parole -- the realization of langue in actual use Saussure takes a sociological view of language and his notion of langue is a matter of social conventions
Langue vs parole (F. de Saussure) ◼ Langue ---- the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of the speech community. ◼ Parole ---- the realization of langue in actual use. ◼ Saussure takes a sociological view of language and his notion of langue is a matter of social conventions
Competence and performance(Chomsky Competence --- the ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language Performance --- the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication Chomsky looks at language from a psychological point of view and to him competence is a property of the mind of each individual
Competence and performance (Chomsky) ◼ Competence ---- the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language ◼ Performance ---- the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication ◼ Chomsky looks at language from a psychological point of view and to him competence is a property of the mind of each individual
Traditional grammar vs modern linguistics Traditional grammar --- prescriptive, written Latin-based framework Modern linguistics -----descriptive, spoken not necessarily Latin-based framework
Traditional grammar vs modern linguistics ◼ Traditional grammar ---- prescriptive, written, Latin-based framework ◼ Modern linguistics ----- descriptive, spoken, not necessarily Latin-based framework
Chapter 2 Phonology Language is primarily vocal. The primary medium of human language is sound. Linguists are not interested in all sounds but in speech sounds----sounds that convey meaning in human communication
Chapter 2 Phonology ◼ Language is primarily vocal. The primary medium of human language is sound. Linguists are not interested in all sounds, but in speech sounds----sounds that convey meaning in human communication
Phonetics a branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription, e.g. [p] bilabial, stop
Phonetics ----A branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription, e.g. [p] bilabial, stop