Symptom control Medications Antipyretics(paracetamol) NSAID Opioids Antidepressants Membrane stabilisers(anticonvulsants) Steroids, muscle relaxants. etc
Symptom control Medications Antipyretics (paracetamol) NSAID Opioids Antidepressants Membrane stabilisers (anticonvulsants) Steroids, muscle relaxants, etc
Symptom control Opioids Gold standard for cancer pain management 1 可 Administered at every route
Symptom control Opioids Gold standard for cancer pain management (mostly) cheap and readily available Administered at every route
Symptom control Opioids Controversial for non-cancer pain Limited(but positive) evidence of efficacy Extensive side effects Tolerance Dependence /vergence
Symptom control Opioids Controversial for non-cancer pain Limited (but positive) evidence of efficacy Extensive side effects Tolerance Dependence Divergence
Symptom control Opioids Controversial for non-cancer pain 小卧 Physicians should make every effort to control indiscriminate prescribing even under pressure from patients Ballantyne N. Eng J Med. 2003
Symptom control Opioids Controversial for non-cancer pain “Physicians should make every effort to control indiscriminate prescribing, even under pressure from patients…” Ballantyne N. Eng. J. Med. 2003
Symptom control Opioids Controversial for non-cancer pain Opioids are our most powerful analgesics, but politics prejudice, and our continuing ignorance still impede optimum prescribing McQuay Lancet 1999
Symptom control Opioids Controversial for non-cancer pain “Opioids are our most powerful analgesics, but politics, prejudice, and our continuing ignorance still impede optimum prescribing” McQuay Lancet 1999