Strategy to circumvent self-tolerance High-affinity, UTAAspecific Low-affinity, UTAA-specific A2. 1-restricte Peptide derived from UTAA CTL MHC A2. 1) Tumour cell Deleted from repertoire by Not deleted from repertoire but not effective in antitumour response 一感 Tg human MHC class UTAA' human A2.1h ow-affinity TCR UTAA-specific etion of high-a A2 1-restricted CTL Strategy to circumvent self-tolerance by T-cell receptor (TCR)gene transfer Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine @2003 Cambridge University Press
Strategy to circumvent self-tolerance
Complement Antibodies bound to an invading microorganism activate the complement system via the classical pathway. This consists of a cascade of proteolytic reactions leading to the formation of membrane attack complexes on the plasma membrane of the microorganisms that cause its lysis Polysaccharides on the surface of infecting microorganism can also activate complement directly in the absence of antibody via the alternative pathway
Complement Antibodies bound to an invading microorganism activate the complement system via the classical pathway. This consists of a cascade of proteolytic reactions leading to the formation of membrane attack complexes on the plasma membrane of the microorganisms that cause its lysis. Polysaccharides on the surface of infecting microorganism can also activate complement directly in the absence of antibody via the alternative pathway
Complement system Figure 7: Overview of the complement system Alternative pathway Lectin pathway Classical pathway spontaneous activation mannose binding antibody binding C3 C3b MBL MASP. C1q/r2/s2 Factor D B Bb MASP-2 C4/C2-+C4b/C2b C4/C2-+C4b/C2b C3b/Bb C4b/C2b C4b/C2b C3 convertase C3a +C3b C5 convertase anaphylatoxin opsonization lytic pathway inflammation omation of membrane phagocytosis attack comlex lysis of pathogens C4a C3a C5a C5b,c6,C7,c8,c9 (adapted from Janeway 2001)
Complement system