2实验后: ①圆周线不变; C ②纵向线变成斜直线。 3结论:①圆筒表面的各圆周线的形状、大小和间距均未改 变,只是绕轴线作了相对转动。 ②各纵向线均倾斜了同一微小角度y。 ③所有矩形网格均歪斜成同样大小的平行四边形 26
26 2.实验后: ①圆周线不变; ②纵向线变成斜直线。 3.结论:①圆筒表面的各圆周线的形状、大小和间距均未改 变,只是绕轴线作了相对转动。 ②各纵向线均倾斜了同一微小角度 。 ③所有矩形网格均歪斜成同样大小的平行四边形
TORSION a small cubic element is shown in the figure: ① No normal stress 2There are only the shearing stress I perpendicular to the radius at each dy point on the cross section. Magnitude of the shearing stresses are the same on the same section, directions of them dx coincide with that of the internal torque 4. Relation between and y: d h y·L=q·R R SO r=PL
27 a c d dx b dy ´ ´ ①No normal stress ②There are only the shearing stress perpendicular to the radius at each point on the cross section. Magnitude of the shearing stresses are the same on the same section,directions of them coincide with that of the internal torque. 4.) Relation between and : L S R L R o A small cubic element is shown in the figure:
微小矩形单元体如图所示: ①无正应力 ②横截面上各点处,只产 生垂直于半径的均匀分布的剪 应力τ,沿周向大小不变,方 向与该截面的扭矩方向一致。 4.q与y的关系: y·L=q:R d h =L
28 a c d dx b dy ´ ´ ①无正应力 ②横截面上各点处,只产 生垂直于半径的均匀分布的剪 应力 ,沿周向大小不变,方 向与该截面的扭矩方向一致。 4. 与 的关系: L R L R 微小矩形单元体如图所示:
TORSION 2 Magnitude of the shearing stress t in the hollow shaft with thin wall: τ·dA·n=T Soxl|dA=z-·2丌t=Trd4 b T T 二 2丌n2t2A。t Ao: Area of the circle with an average radius 29
29 2、Magnitude of the shearing stress in the hollow shaft with thin wall: A t T r t T S r A r r t T A r T A A 2 2 o d 2 d 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 A0:Area of the circle with an average radius
二、薄壁圆筒剪应力τ大小: ·dA·=T r6A=62x61=m b T T 2Bt 2A.t A0:平均半径所作圆的面积。 30
30 二、薄壁圆筒剪应力 大小: A t T r t T r A r r t T A r T A A 2 2 d 2 d 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 A0:平均半径所作圆的面积