Excess NADH can cause Metabolic Problems NH2 OH CH:CCOH >CH3CHCO2H sugar NADH pyruvic acid (+lactic acid pyruvic acid is normally converted to glucose (gluconeogenesis) results in:acidosis and hypoglycemia
Excess NADH can cause Metabolic Problems (+) lactic acid pyruvic acid is normally converted to N sugar C O NH2 C H3 CCOH OO C H3 CHCO2H OH H + NADH pyruvic acid (+) lactic acid results in: acidosis and hypoglycemia N sugar C O NH2 C H3 CCOH OO C H3 CHCO2H OH H + NADH pyruvic acid glucose (gluconeogenesis)
Methanol:Not a Beverage ADH 0 CH3OH HCH NADH H me thanol NAD formalde hyde LD50=0.07g/Kg
Methanol: Not a Beverage CH3 OH methanol HCH O formaldehyde LD5 0 = 0.07 g/Kg NAD+ ADH + NADH + H+
Synergistic and Metabolic Effects In men,ethanol lowers levels of testosterone (and sperm count)due to lack of enzymes needed for the steroid biosynthesis. The enzyme CYP2E1,which is responsible for converting acetaminophen into liver toxins,is activated by ethanol. Ethanol has a caloric value of 7.1Cal/g (fat has a value of 9 Cal/g). Alcohol can cause a degenerative muscle disease called alcoholic myopathy (3 times more common than cirrhosis)
Synergistic and Metabolic Effects • In men, ethanol lowers levels of testosterone (and sperm count) due to lack of enzymes needed for the steroid biosynthesis. • The enzyme CYP2E1, which is responsible for converting acetaminophen into liver toxins, is activated by ethanol. • Ethanol has a caloric value of 7.1Cal/g (fat has a value of 9 Cal/g). • Alcohol can cause a degenerative muscle disease called alcoholic myopathy (3 times more common than cirrhosis)
Synergistic Effects Women will have higher BAL's with the consumption of an equal number of drinks due to lower ADH activity and lower H2O in blood. Estradiol levels increase in women (and men). This has been associated with higher incidences of heart disease and a change in bone density. A higher than normal concentration of Cytochrome P-450 enzymes (in the liver)are activated by ethanol creating a potential dependency
Synergistic Effects • Women will have higher BAL’s with the consumption of an equal number of drinks due to lower ADH activity and lower % H2O in blood. • Estradiol levels increase in women (and men). This has been associated with higher incidences of heart disease and a change in bone density. • A higher than normal concentration of Cytochrome P-450 enzymes (in the liver) are activated by ethanol creating a potential dependency
Antitumor Agents Often functionalized with alcohols Designed to fit into specific geometic sites on proteins Hydrogen bonding is crucial for binding Water solubility is crucial for cell membrane transport
Antitumor Agents • Often functionalized with alcohols • Designed to fit into specific geometic sites on proteins • Hydrogen bonding is crucial for binding • Water solubility is crucial for cell membrane transport