How to select disinfection and sterilization Items' risk to patients a High risk(critical) items a Intermediate risk(semi-critical) items Items that do not enter sterile areas of the body but contact with mucous membranes or skin closely Items thermometer. ventilator tube HLD/ILD, Sterilization is preferred
◼ Items’ risk to patients ❑ High risk(critical) items ❑ Intermediate risk (semi-critical) items ◼ Items that do not enter sterile areas of the body but contact with mucous membranes or skin closely. ◼ Items: thermometer, ventilator tube ◼ HLD/ILD, Sterilization is preferred. How to select disinfection and sterilization
How to select disinfection and sterilization Items' risk to patients a High risk(critical) items a Intermediate risk(semi-critical) items a Low risk(noncritical) items Items that contact with intact skin not mucous membranes Items: gown, sheet, blood pressure cuff LLD (in some cases, cleaning is acceptable
◼ Items’ risk to patients ❑ High risk(critical) items ❑ Intermediate risk (semi-critical) items ❑ Low risk (noncritical) items ◼ Items that contact with intact skin, not mucous membranes ◼ Items: gown, sheet, blood pressure cuff ◼ LLD (in some cases, cleaning is acceptable) How to select disinfection and sterilization
How to select disinfection and sterilization a Items' risk to patients Characters of contaminated microorganisms 种类、数量、对消毒因子的敏感性 4致病性芽胞、真菌孢子一灭菌、高水平消毒 致病性细菌、真菌、亲水病毒、支原体、衣原体一中水 平以上消毒 4一般细菌和亲脂病毒一中水平和低水平消毒
◼ Items’ risk to patients ◼ Characters of contaminated microorganisms 种类、数量、对消毒因子的敏感性 致病性芽胞、真菌孢子—灭菌、高水平消毒 致病性细菌、真菌、亲水病毒、支原体、衣原体—中水 平以上消毒 一般细菌和亲脂病毒—中水平和低水平消毒 How to select disinfection and sterilization
How to select disinfection and sterilization Items' risk to patients Characters of contaminated microorganisms Characters of items ←耐热、耐湿物品和器材,应首选压力蒸汽灭菌法 ←耐高温的玻璃器材、油剂类和干粉类可选用干热灭菌 怕热、忌湿和贵重物品,可选择甲醛或环氧乙烷气体 金属器械的浸泡灭菌,应选择腐蚀性小的灭菌剂 在进行物品表面消毒时,应考虑到表面性质 表面光滑紫外线;多孔材料喷雾
◼ Items’ risk to patients ◼ Characters of contaminated microorganisms ◼ Characters of items 耐热、耐湿物品和器材，应首选压力蒸汽灭菌法 耐高温的玻璃器材、油剂类和干粉类可选用干热灭菌 怕热、忌湿和贵重物品，可选择甲醛或环氧乙烷气体 金属器械的浸泡灭菌，应选择腐蚀性小的灭菌剂 在进行物品表面消毒时，应考虑到表面性质 表面光滑—紫外线；多孔材料—喷雾 How to select disinfection and sterilization
Methods of disinfection and sterilization Dry heat burning, toasting Heat- Boiling Physical Methods Moist heat: Steam Disinfection Microwave Low Temperature Steam Disinfection Ionizing radiation High-Pressure steam Sunshine Sterilization Radiation Ultraviolet light ozone Mechanical removing microorganisms Chemical Methods Immersion; Rubbing; Nebulization; fumigation
Methods of Disinfection and Sterilization ◼ Physical Methods ◼ Chemical Methods: Heat Microwave Ionizing radiation Radiation Mechanical removing microorganisms Dry heat ： Moist heat: Boiling Steam Disinfection Low Temperature Steam Disinfection High-Pressure Steam Sunshine Sterilization Ultraviolet light ozone Immersion; Rubbing; Nebulization; Fumigation burning、toasting