that the Soviets had understandably defensive intent ions at the end of World War II and that the United States had behaved aggressively and irresponsibly. Some of these critics pointed an accusing finger at Truman. they declared that he had abandoned Roosevelt's conciliatory(iE FuAd)approach and adopted a bulling attitude, emboldened by Americans atomic monopoly. The more radical of thos people like the Kolkos found the roots of American aggression before Trumans time in long standing policies of economic expansion In the 1970s a"neoorthodox" interpretation emerged. Historians of this school, like John L Gaddis, still place most of the blame for the Cold War on the Soviet Union, but they admit that American policies helped worsen the conflict. They also note how the constraints of domestic politics and the miscalculations of American leaders led a nation in search of international security into dangerous Cold War. This historical debate over the origins of the Cold War has compelled the recognition that the United States did have vital interests at stake in postwar di plomacy, and that policymakers pursued those interests with eagerness. But is self?interest necessarily immoral?Is security a one?way street? Can the blame ever be exclusively with one side in a complex international dispute? 51. People of the "orthodox view placed blame for starting the Cold War on the Soviet Union A. they didn t want America to take sole responsibility B. they supported America in its foreign policy in Vietnam C. they believed that America was always right in its foreign policy D. they could find peace of mind in such a belief By saying that "people who held this view attempted to reverse the orthodox view (the fifth sentence in paragraph 1), the author means that those people A.didn' t quite agree to the“ orthodox”view B. held an opposite view to the“ orthodox”one C. considered the "orthodox" view unworthy of notice D. were faithful supporters of the Soviet foreign policies The "neoorthodox"view held that should take responsibility for the Cold War A. the Soviet union B. the United states C. neither of those two countries D. both of those two countries In the last paragraph, the author seems to imply that A. the Soviet Union should take sole responsibility B. the United States should take sole responsibility C. the Cold War wasn t started on one side only D, neither side started the cold war assage 2 Does the evidence that the left and right sides of the brain differ somewhat in function have implications for personality differences? There is research indicating that the right hemi sphere is linked to negative emotions, to spatial or imagery processing, and to thinking of pure melodies, while the left hemisphere is linked to verbal and mathematical thought and positive tions. Is it possible that each half of the brain reflects two basic but different dimensions of human capacity ?Are some personality differences that involve consistent styles of information processing of reflective thought correlated with a greater activation of the left and righ hemispheres? Adults who differ in their al encoding styles also demonstrate brain wave patterns or eye movement differences that suggest they "favor one or another hemi sphere of the brain during reflective thought. An approach to studying such differences has emerged by examining the direction in which people shift their eyes when trying to reflect on a question or to recall information. Anatomically(从解剖学上来说) the neural pathway from the left eye goes to the right hemisphere of the brain and from the right eye to the left hemisphere. Since our eyes normally shift together, it has been shown that the stimulation of the right brain hemisphere leads to a shift of the eyes to the left and, correspondingly, left hemisphere stimulation shifts the eyes to the right. Studies of persons who show consistent left or right eye shifts when engaged in reflective
that the Soviets had understandably defensive intentions at the end of World War II and that the United States had behaved aggressively and irresponsibly.Some of these critics pointed an accusing finger at Truman.They declared that he had abandoned Roosevelt's conciliatory(调和的)approach and adopted a bulling attitude,emboldened by American's atomic monopoly.The more radical of those people like the Kolkos found the roots of American aggression before Truman's time in long standing policies of economic expansion. In the 1970s a“neoorthodox”interpretation emerged.Historians of this school,like John L.Gaddis,still place most of the blame for the Cold War on the Soviet Union,but they admit that American policies helped worsen the conflict.They also note how the constraints of domestic politics and the miscalculations of American leaders led a nation in search of international security into dangerous Cold War. This historical debate over the origins of the Cold War has compelled the recognition that the United States did have vital interests at stake in postwar diplomacy,and that policymakers pursued those interests with eagerness.But is self?interest necessarily immoral?Is security a one?way street? Can the blame ever be exclusively with one side in a complex international dispute? 51. People of the“orthodox”view placed blame for starting the Cold War on the Soviet Union because _____ ． A．they didn't want America to take sole responsibility B．they supported America in its foreign policy in Vietnam C．they believed that America was always right in its foreign policy D．they could find peace of mind in such a belief ▪ By saying that“people who held this view attempted to reverse the orthodox view” (the fifth sentence in paragraph 1),the author means that those people _____ ． A．didn't quite agree to the “orthodox”view B．held an opposite view to the“orthodox”one C．considered the“orthodox”view unworthy of notice D．were faithful supporters of the Soviet foreign policies ▪ The“neoorthodox”view held that _____ should take responsibility for the Cold War． A．the Soviet Union B．the United States C．neither of those two countries D．both of those two countries ▪ In the last paragraph,the author seems to imply that _____ ． A．the Soviet Union should take sole responsibility B．the United States should take sole responsibility C．the Cold War wasn't started on one side only D．neither side started the Cold War Passage 2 Does the evidence that the left and right sides of the brain differ somewhat in function have implications for personality differences?There is research indicating that the right hemisphere is linked to negative emotions,to spatial or imagery processing,and to thinking of pure melodies,while the left hemisphere is linked to verbal and mathematical thought and positive emotions.Is it possible that each half of the brain reflects two basic but different dimensions of human capacity?Are some personality differences that involve consistent styles of information processing of reflective thought correlated with a greater activation of the left and right hemispheres? Adults who differ in their initial encoding styles also demonstrate brain wave patterns or eye movement differences that suggest they “favor”one or another hemisphere of the brain during reflective thought.An approach to studying such differences has emerged by examining the direction in which people shift their eyes when trying to reflect on a question or to recall information.Anatomically(从解剖学上来说)the neural pathway from the left eye goes to the right hemisphere of the brain and from the right eye to the left hemisphere.Since our eyes normally shift together,it has been shown that the stimulation of the right brain hemisphere leads to a shift of the eyes to the left and,correspondingly,left hemisphere stimulation shifts the eyes to the right. Studies of persons who show consistent left or right eye shifts when engaged in reflective
thought do offer some support for the views. Right shifters (that is, those whose left brain are most active)are more analytic in perceptual performance and score higher on measures of verbal concept formation, mathematics scores, and measures of mathematical, scientific, or theoretical interests, Left shifters are more imagery oriented, more inclined to daydream, more creative and aesthetically oriented. Left and right shifters even differ in where they prefer to sit in ollege lecture halls, with left shifters sitting on the right side and right shifters to the left of the center 55. The idea that the left and right sides of the brain differ somewhat in function A. is proved to be unfounded B. has consistent evidence to support itself C. is proved to be true in some cases D. lacks biological evidence Mathematical problem solving activity corresponds to an increase in the activation A. in the left side of the brain B. in the right side of the brain C, in both sides of the brain D. first in the left and then in the right side n According to the findings, a student who often sits on the left side of a lecture A. belongs to the analytical thinking type B. often daydreams in the classroom C. is not capable of creative thinking D. is relatively more imaginative ■ It is proved that A. different styles of information processing has no effect on people' s personality B. differences in personality have something to do with people s problem solving styles shifters are usually the worst students in a class shifters are often the trouble makers in Passage 3 John Harold Drake is a man of deep compassion, and has written a book that argues for the cause of children in need of love. "Children, Little Children" is an honest book, showing great concern and dissatisfaction with the care for children The difficult trick of living inside another person s mind and being able to put your reader inside that same mind, is a capability held only by writers of exceptional skill and talent. Mr. Drake has approached the problem by making a 10 year old boy his central character. The boy does not for a moment come across as a real child. Irresponsible parents abandoned him, his grandfather disliked him, he took everything literally, and begged everyone for love. Bret i being used to make a point. His ideas are too poetic, his response too direct, and the contrasts of good and evil too simplistic for real life. He is being manipulated by someone behind the scener ell us some thing. For fifteen years the authors has been dealing with people with psychological trouble at the V I T. Neuropsychiatric Institute. He has actively been involved in this field at other institutions for a quarter of a century. This book is a form of acting out, through the character, Bret, the pain of a rejected child. If one understands the book in those terms, one may be willing to believe the imaginary story. If viewed in this light, the exaggerated movements and reactions of the characters became less unbelievable and therefore more meaningful. The excessively poeti passages of description and emotion, seen as stage flats made more colorful than nature in order to look real from afar, are acceptable in a drama wherea they are irritating in a novel. The one sided characterizations insane father, immature mother, mean old grandmother, selfish aunt, cruel neighbours, and totally misunderstood Bret are figures moving across a lit stage to dramatize message. The true to life ending, without resolution or growth or development, might work on a stage, however, it is contrary to everything a novel should de
thought do offer some support for the views.Right shifters(that is,those whose left brain are most active)are more analytic in perceptual performance and score higher on measures of verbal concept formation,mathematics scores,and measures of mathematical,scientific,or theoretical interests.Left shifters are more imagery oriented,more inclined to daydream,more creative and aesthetically oriented.Left and right shifters even differ in where they prefer to sit in college lecture halls,with left shifters sitting on the right side and right shifters to the left of the center. 55. The idea that the left and right sides of the brain differ somewhat in function _____ ． A．is proved to be unfounded B．has consistent evidence to support itself C．is proved to be true in some cases D．lacks biological evidence ▪ Mathematical problem solving activity corresponds to an increase in the activation _____ ． A．in the left side of the brain B．in the right side of the brain C．in both sides of the brain D．first in the left and then in the right side ▪ According to the findings,a student who often sits on the left side of a lecture hall _____ ． A．belongs to the analytical thinking type B．often daydreams in the classroom C．is not capable of creative thinking D．is relatively more imaginative ▪ It is proved that _____ ． A．different styles of information processing has no effect on people's personality B．differences in personality have something to do with people's problem solving styles C．left shifters are usually the worst students in a class D．right shifters are often the trouble makers in a society ▪ Passage 3 John Harold Drake is a man of deep compassion, and has written a book that argues for the cause of children in need of love.“Children, Little Children”is an honest book, showing great concern and dissatisfaction with the care for children. The difficult trick of living inside another person's mind and being able to put your reader inside that same mind, is a capability held only by writers of exceptional skill and talent. Mr. Drake has approached the problem by making a 10 year old boy his central character. The boy does not for a moment come across as a real child. Irresponsible parents abandoned him, his grandfather disliked him, he took everything literally, and begged everyone for love. Bret is being used to make a point. His ideas are too poetic, his response too direct, and the contrasts of good and evil too simplistic for real life. He is being manipulated by someone behind the scenery trying to tell us something. For fifteen years the authors has been dealing with people with psychological trouble at the V.I.T. Neuropsychiatric Institute. He has actively been involved in this field at other institutions for a quarter of a century. This book is a form of acting out, through the character, Bret, the pain of a rejected child. If one understands the book in those terms, one may be willing to believe the imaginary story. If viewed in this light, the exaggerated movements and reactions of the characters became less unbelievable and therefore more meaningful. The excessively poetic passages of description and emotion, seen as stage flats made more colorful than nature in order to look real from afar, are acceptable in a drama wherea they are irritating in a novel. The one sided characterizations insane father, immature mother, mean old grandmother, selfish aunt, cruel neighbours, and totally misunderstood Bret are figures moving across a lit stage to dramatize a message. The true to life ending, without resolution or growth or development, might work on a stage, however, it is contrary to everything a novel should do