《大学英语读写》课程教学资源（A）Ⅱ_四级资源_作文_四级作文应试技巧.doc

四级作文应试技巧一、考核要求四六级大学英语写作考试时间均为30分钟，分值占总分的15%。四级要求考生写出一篇不少于120词的短文，试卷上可能给出题目，或规定情景，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写或给出关键词要求写成短文。要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。写作的内容包括日常生活和一般常识。短文写作部分的目的是测试学生运用英语书面表达思想的初步能力。二、大学英语四级作文评分原则及标准首先，卷面一定要清晰、干净、整洁。不要乱涂乱画，若有删节，在文字的中间画道横线第二，段落按要求写，要求写几段就写几段。一般情况下，中间一段长，开首段和结尾段较短，让人第一感觉就是内容充实。第三，开好头，结好尾。第四，按要求的字数写，可以比要求的字数稍微多一点。字数少了给人的感觉是缺乏内容，字数太多了，文章显得繁琐，阅卷老师心理会烦，你的分数会受影响。具体评分标准2分一一条理不清，思路素乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，但多数为严重错误。5分一一基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分一一基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分一一切题。表达思想清楚、文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分一一切题。表达思想清楚、文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。②只写一段者：0～4分：只写两段者：0～9分（按规定写三段的作文）三、四级写作中如何选词选词的基本原则尽量用四级范围内的积极的，活跃的，常用的词或词组尽量用表达最贴切,最生动,最有力的词或短语。尽量用最符合所写话题所用文体的词或表达。策略1、调动大学期间学过的更生动，更丰富的词汇表达意思。Eg.引起、导致Cause, lead to, result in, bring about, give rise/birth to2、用具体，生动，有针对性的词语。Eg.利用Use, make use of, make (good, effective, wide, wise, full) use of sth, take (full)advantageof3、文中如需要多次表达同一词义时，以同义词，近义词等避免重复使用同一词1

1 四级作文应试技巧一、考核要求四六级大学英语写作考试时间均为 30 分钟，分值占总分的 15%。四级要求考生写出一篇不少于 120 词的短文，试卷上可能给出题目，或规定情景，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写;或给出关键词要求写成短文。要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。写作的内容包括日常生活和一般常识。短文写作部分的目的是测试学生运用英语书面表达思想的初步能力。二、大学英语四级作文评分原则及标准首先，卷面一定要清晰、干净、整洁。不要乱涂乱画，若有删节，在文字的中间画道横线第二，段落按要求写，要求写几段就写几段。一般情况下，中间一段长，开首段和结尾段较短，让人第一感觉就是内容充实。第三，开好头，结好尾。第四，按要求的字数写，可以比要求的字数稍微多一点。字数少了给人的感觉是缺乏内容，字数太多了，文章显得繁琐，阅卷老师心理会烦，你的分数会受影响。具体评分标准： 2 分――条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，但多数为严重错误。 5 分――基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8 分－－基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。 11 分――切题。表达思想清楚、文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14 分――切题。表达思想清楚、文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。 ②只写一段者：0～4 分；只写两段者：0～9 分(按规定写三段的作文) 三、四级写作中如何选词选词的基本原则尽量用四级范围内的积极的,活跃的，常用的词或词组。尽量用表达最贴切,最生动,最有力的词或短语。尽量用最符合所写话题,所用文体的词或表达。策略 1、调动大学期间学过的更生动，更丰富的词汇表达意思。 Eg. 引起、导致 Cause, lead to, result in, bring about, give rise/birth to 2、用具体，生动，有针对性的词语。 Eg. 利用 Use, make use of, make (good, effective, wide, wise, full) use of sth, take (full) advantage of 3、文中如需要多次表达同一词义时，以同义词，近义词等避免重复使用同一词

Eg.适应Adapt to,adjust to,make...fit,getused to, be accustomed to29个最经典的替换词1.individuals,characters,folks代替(people，persons)2.positive,favorable,rosy（美好的），promising（有希望的），perfect，pleasurable，excellent,outstanding 代替good3.dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse(有害的)代替bad如果bad做表语，可以有belessimpressive代替4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, many, if not most) 代替 many.5:a slice of,quiet a few, several 代替 some6: harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely sharedthat，itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat）替think（因为是书面语，所以要加that）7:affair, business,matter 代替thing8:shared代common9.reaphugefruits代替getmuchbenefit10:formypart,frommyownperspective代替 inmyopinion1l:Increasingly，growing代替moreandmore。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly（注意没有growingly这种形式.12.little if anything,或little ornothing代替hardly13..benefitialrewarding代替helpful14.shopper,client，consumer,purchaser,代替customer15.exceedingly,extremely代替very16.hardlyunnecessary,hardly inevitable...代替necessary,inevitable17. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 代替 sb take interestin18. capture one's attention 代替 attract one's attention.19.facet,dimension,sphere代aspect20.be indicative of,be suggestive of,be fearful of 代 indicate, suggest,fear21.give rise to, lead to,result in, trigger 代替cause.22.There are several reasons behind sth 代替..reasons for sth23.desire代替want.24.pour attention into 代替pay attention to25.bear in mind that 代替 remember26.enjoy,possess代替have（注意process是过程的意思）27.interaction代替communication28.frownonsth代替beagainst,disagreewithsth29.tonameonlyafew,asanexample代替forexample四、四级写作中如何造句善用词组如果我们能够在单词的基础上，进一步想到与之同义的词组，那么文章就会显2

2 Eg. 适应 Adapt to, adjust to, make.fit, get used to, be accustomed to 29 个最经典的替换词 1. individuals, characters, folks 代替 (people ,persons) 2. positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding 代替 good 3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(有害的)代替 bad 如果 bad 做表语，可以有 be less impressive 代替 4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of , many, if not most) 代替 many. 5: a slice of, quiet a few , several 代替 some 6: harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替 think (因为是书面语，所以要加 that) 7:affair, business ,matter 代替 thing 8: shared 代 common 9. reap huge fruits 代替 get much benefit 10: for my part ,from my own perspective 代替 in my opinion 11: Increasingly, growing 代替 more and more 。所以当修饰名词时用 increasing/growing. 修饰形容词，副词用 increasingly (注意没有 growingly 这种形式. 12.little if anything,或 little or nothing 代替 hardly 13.benefitial rewarding 代替 helpful 14.shopper, client, consumer, purchaser, 代替 customer 15.exceedingly,extremely 代替 very 16.hardly unnecessary, hardly inevitable .代替 necessary, inevitable 17. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 代替 sb take interest in 18. capture one‘s attention 代替 attract one's attention. 19. facet, dimension, sphere 代 aspect 20. be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of 代 indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 代替 cause. 22. There are several reasons behind sth 代替.reasons for sth 23.desire 代替 want. 24.pour attention into 代替 pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 代替 remember 26. enjoy, possess 代替 have (注意 process 是过程的意思) 27. interaction 代替 communication 28.frown on sth 代替 be against , disagree with sth 29.to name only a few, as an example 代替 for example 四、四级写作中如何造句善用词组如果我们能够在单词的基础上，进一步想到与之同义的词组，那么文章就会显

得与众不同，更具有英语的味道。比如上面所说的“重要的”这个单词，当我们想到important的时候，如果从语法角度再稍加考虑一下，我们会想到beof importance。因为，语法中规定：形容词等于of加这个形容词的名词形式。如果再提升一步，我们还学过一个常用的词组叫做playanimportantrolein...句型多样简单句，并列句和复合句交替使用，灵活使用各种句子结构如：插入语，倒装句，强调句，非谓语动词，疑问句等。若要写好作文，要写好句子，首先要掌握句子结构和句式变化及句子类型，可通过对泛读课文经典句子的背诵提高应用语言基本句型的能力。要善于模仿。Imitationisagoodwaytolearn被动句适当用代替主动，这样能更客观的反映事实句子开头不要总是用we/I（比如写结尾时不用weshouldpayattentionto而用Attentionshouldbepaidto.）经典例句：1. It is, therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by theserviceindustrylikethat.Thus,its competitiveedgewill besharpened effectively2.Over the past couple of years, several cases of the food scandal havebeendisclosedonvariousmedia3. Prompt and strict measures should be taken to turn back this evil trend4. Indeed, one out of five students is estimated to be in possession of at least onecreditcard, and the figure is expected to be on the steady increase插入语一种是有两个逗号之间引起的成分称之为插入语第二种是有两个半破折号引起的成分称之为插入语。Jinan, the Spring City, is a famous tourist cityOther people may give us instrumental support--financial aid, material resources, andneeded services--that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with ourproblems.比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语后、动词或者助动词前，两边分别加上逗号。如however/therefore/forexample/Ibelieve做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词前，两边分别加上逗号。比如说：Otherindividuals,however,taketheattitudethati倒装倒装是我们写作中需要用到的。虽然略显俗套，但是却是很能满足阅卷人的主观感受的。常用的倒装形式有以下几种：Only+时间状语Ex. Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we3

3 得与众不同，更具有英语的味道。比如上面所说的“重要的”这个单词，当我们想到 important 的时候，如果从语法角度再稍加考虑一下，我们会想到 be of importance。因为，语法中规定：形容词等于 of 加这个形容词的名词形式。如果再提升一步，我们还学过一个常用的词组叫做 play an important role in. 句型多样简单句，并列句和复合句交替使用，灵活使用各种句子结构如：插入语，倒装句，强调句，非谓语动词，疑问句等。若要写好作文，要写好句子，首先要掌握句子结构和句式变化及句子类型，可通过对泛读课文经典句子的背诵提高应用语言基本句型的能力。要善于模仿。Imitation is a good way to learn. 被动句适当用代替主动，这样能更客观的反映事实,句子开头不要总是用 we / I (比如写结尾时不用 we should pay attention to 而用 Attention should be paid to. ) 经典例句： 1. It is, therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that. Thus，its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively. 2. Over the past couple of years, several cases of the food scandal have been disclosed on various media. 3. Prompt and strict measures should be taken to turn back this evil trend. 4. Indeed, one out of five students is estimated to be in possession of at least one credit card, and the figure is expected to be on the steady increase. 插入语一种是有两个逗号之间引起的成分称之为插入语第二种是有两个半破折号引起的成分称之为插入语。 Jinan, the Spring City, is a famous tourist city. Other people may give us instrumental support-financial aid, material resources, and needed services-that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems. 比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语后、动词或者助动词前，两边分别加上逗号。如 however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词前，两边分别加上逗号。比如说：Other individuals, however, take the attitude that¡ 倒装倒装是我们写作中需要用到的。虽然略显俗套，但是却是很能满足阅卷人的主观感受的。常用的倒装形式有以下几种： Only + 时间状语 Ex. Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we

4 expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future. Only + 介词词组 Ex. Only by planning his time carefully can he improve efficiency and make achievements 否定词位于句首（hardly when; never; not only-,but also-; seldom， scarcely, rarely）在我一生当中很难遇到这样的人 Ex: Seldom in my life have I met such a kind-hearted man. 地点方位名词位于句首 Ex: In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games. 修辞无论是汉语写作还是英语写作，修辞其实非常的重要。它是作者写作功底具体事例地展现。所谓修辞包括比喻、拟人、排比等等。这里仅举一个比喻例子，还是拿“重要的”来举例。当你用完词组之后，如果你用上下面比喻句子，则文章就会显得神采飞扬，试比较： The bicycle is important for us. The bicycle is of importance for us. The bicycle plays an important role in our life. The bicycle, environmental friendly vehicle, plays an important role in our life. The bicycle is like the air, water, and sunshine and cannot be parted with a moment in our life. 五、四级作文常用句型没有比.更.的 Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V 例句：没有比接受教育更重要的事。 Nothing is more important than to receive education. 再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。 ~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much. 例句：我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 不可否认的. There is no denying that + S + V . 例句：不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 全世界都知道. It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ 例句：全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us

5 毫无疑问的. There is no doubt that + 句子~~ 例句：毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. .的原因是. The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子例句：我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 虽然. Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~ 例句：虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不} 愈.愈. The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V~~~ More and more= an increasing number of 例句：你愈努力，你愈进步。 The harder you work, the more progress you make. 我们绝对不能. On no account can we + V ~~~ 例句：我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 该是.的时候了 It is time + S + 过去式例句：该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 没有人不. There is no one but ~~~ 例句：没有人不渴望上大学。 There is no one but longs to go to college. 不得不. be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V 例句：既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。 Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. 可想而知的、明显的、显然的 It is conceivable that + 句子 It is obvious that + 句子 It is apparent that + 句子例句：可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。 It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 过去.年来，.一直. For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式. 例句：过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试