Ideal flow in Complete-Mir and Plug-Flow Reactors The ideal hydraulic flow characteristics of complete-mIx and plug-flow reactors are illustrated on Fig. 4-3 in which dye tracer response craves are presented for pulse(slug- dose)and step inputs(continuous injection) Fig. 4-3 Output tracer response curves from reactors subject to pulse and step inputs ofa tracer
Ideal Flow in Complete-Mix and Plug-Flow Reactors The ideal hydraulic flow characteristics of complete-mix and plug-flow reactors are illustrated on Fig. 4-3 in which dye tracer response craves are presented for pulse (slugdose) and step inputs (continuous injection). Fig. 4-3 Output tracer response curves from reactors subject to pulse and step inputs of a tracer
Nonideal flow in Complete-Mix and Plug-Flow Reactors In practice the flow in complete-mix and plug- flow reactors is seldom ideal It is the precautions taken to minimize these effects that are important
Nonideal Flow in Complete-Mix and Plug-Flow Reactors. In practice the flow in complete-mix and plugflow reactors is seldom ideal. It is the precautions taken to minimize these effects that are important
4-2 Mass-balance Analysis The fundamental approach used to study the hydraulic flow characteristics of reactors and to delineate the changes that take place when a reaction is occurring in a reactor(e.g,a container), or in some definable portion of a body of liquid is the mass-balance analysis
4-2 Mass-balance Analysis The fundamental approach used to study the hydraulic flow characteristics of reactors and to delineate the changes that take place when a reaction is occurring in a reactor (e.g., a container), or in some definable portion of a body of liquid, is the mass-balance analysis
The mass-Balance principle The mass-balance analysis is based on the principle that mass is neither created nor destroyed, but the form of the mass can be altered(e.g,, liquid to a gas). The mass balance analysis affords a convenient way of defining what occurs within treatment reactors as a function of time Fig. 4-4 Definition sketch for the application of materials mass-balance analysis for a complete-mix reactor with inflow and outflow. The presence of a mixer is used to represent symbolically the fact the contents of the reactor are mixed completely. The photo is of a typical complete mix activated sludge reactor used for the biological treatment of wastewater
The Mass-Balance Principle The mass-balance analysis is based on the principle that mass is neither created nor destroyed, but the form of the mass can be altered (e.g., liquid to a gas). The massbalance analysis affords a convenient way of defining what occurs within treatment reactors as a function of time. Fig. 4-4 Definition sketch for the application of materials mass-balance analysis for a complete-mix reactor with inflow and outflow. The presence of a mixer is used to represent symbolically the fact the contents of the reactor are mixed completely. The photo is of a typical completemix activated sludge reactor used for the biological treatment of wastewater
The system boundary is drawn to identify all of the liquid and constituent flows into and out of the system For a given reactant, the general mass-balance analysis is given by 1. General word statement 2. The corresponding simplified word statement a positive sign is used for the rate-of-generation term because the necessary sign for the operative process is past of the rate expression( e.g kc for a decrease in the reactant or r=+ kC for all increase in the reactant)
The system boundary is drawn to identify all of the liquid and constituent flows into and out of the system For a given reactant, the general mass-balance analysis is given by 1. General word statement 2. The corresponding simplified word statement A positive sign is used for the rate-of-generation term because the necessary sign for the operative process is past of the rate expression (e.g., rc = -kC for a decrease in the reactant or rc = + kC for all increase in the reactant)