Light curves of the Crab Pulsar脉冲星光变曲线Pulsar blinkstwiceeachcycle.-MainVariation inpulselight intensitySecondarypulse0102030Time (milliseconds)PulsarblinkingatX-ray wavelengths.Variation inX-rayintensity0102030Time(milliseconds)@2006 Brooks/Cole-Thomson
Light curves of the Crab Pulsar 脉冲星光变曲线
TheLighthouseModelofPulsars脉冲星的灯塔模型NeutronStarRotelionititeBeamAsinthecaseofEarththemagneticaxisofaneutronstarcouldbeinclinedto itsrotationalaxis.象地球一样，脉冲星的磁场有双Therotation.of theneutronstarwill sweep极结构。itsbeamsaround likebeamsfromalighthouse.Whileabeampointsroughlytoward Earth,wedetectapulseWhileneitherbeamispointedtowardus,we辐射多沿detectno energy.磁极方向Beamsmaynotbeasexactlysymmetricasinthismodel,@2006 Brooks/Cole-Thomson
The Lighthouse Model of Pulsars 脉冲星的灯塔模型 象地球一样，脉 冲星的磁场有双 极结构。 辐射多沿 磁极方向
TheLighthouseModelofPulsars脉冲星的灯塔模型
The Lighthouse Model of Pulsars 脉冲星的灯塔模型
Images of Pulsars andother Neutron StarsDiskCrabpulsarPulsarJetCompositeimageRadio +visual +X-raye206BoksCoe-ThotoVisual-wavelengthimage
Images of Pulsars and other Neutron Stars The Vela pulsar moving through interstellar space The Crab Nebula and pulsar
Black Holes黑洞Just like white dwarfs (Chandrasekhar limit: 1.4 Msun), there is a mass limit forneutron stars:正如白矮星有质量上限：1.4太阳质量Neutron stars can not exist withmasses>3Msun中子星质量不能超过3个太阳质量We know of no mechanism to halt the collapse of a compact object with ≥3 Msun质量大于3个太阳质量，塌缩无法停止It will collapse into a single point-a singularity将塌缩为一个奇点：=>Ablackhole!黑洞
Black Holes 黑洞 Just like white dwarfs (Chandrasekhar limit: 1.4 Msun), there is a mass limit for neutron stars: 正如白矮星有质量上限：1.4太阳质量 Neutron stars can not exist with masses > 3 Msun 中子星质量不能超过3个太阳质量 We know of no mechanism to halt the collapse of a compact object with > 3 Msun. 质量大于3个太阳质量，塌缩无法停止 It will collapse into a single point – a singularity: 将塌缩为一个奇点： => A black hole! 黑洞