l 1. Boundary External occipital Costal cartilage Clavicle Clavicle Greater tubercle Scapula Infraspinous fossa Vinous process Ribs Lateral epicondyle Iliac crest Vertebral column Ulna Sacrum Hip bone Radius Greater sciatic notch Coccyx Carpus Greater trochanter Carpus Pubic symphysis Ischial tuberosity Femur Obturator foramen The lower boundary is formed by a line drawing from the xiphoid process, costal archs, anterior extremity of 11th ribs inferior margin of 12th ribs to spinous process of 12th thoracic vertebra
•下界为剑突、肋弓、第11肋前端、 第12肋下缘和第12胸椎棘突的连线。 1. Boundary •The lower boundary is formed by a line drawing from the xiphoid process, costal archs, anterior extremity of 11th ribs, inferior margin of 12th ribs to spinous process of 12th thoracic vertebra
1。 Bounda Clavicle Clavicle Greater tubercle Vinous process Lateral epicondyle Iliac crest Vertebral column Ulna Sacrum Hip bone Radius Greater sciatic notch Hip bone Coccyx Carpus Greater trochanter Carpus The lateral boundaries of the thorax separating from the upper limb are the anterior and posterior margins of the deltoid
•两外侧界为三角肌的前、后缘。 1. Boundary •The lateral boundaries of the thorax separating from the upper limb are the anterior and posterior margins of the deltoid．
2. Region Thoracic wall and cavity Superior vena cava● Internal thoracic artery o Left at Right phrenic nerve o Transve rdial sinus Pectoralis major● monary trunk 3rd rib Middle lobar bronchus o Left phrenic nerve Right lung, middle lobe Middle lobar bronchus Left lung, supe Mammary Long thoracic nerve ddes Inferior lobar arteries o Oblique fissure Right lu Pleural cavity inferior Serratus anterior●一 bronchus [B X Latissimus dorsi ● Left inferior Right inferior pulmonary vein e External intercostal muscle e ● Descending aorta Thoracic duct The thoracic cavity, surrounded by the thoracic wall, contains the lungs, pleura and pleural cavity and mediastinum
2.Region Thoracic wall and cavity The thoracic wall consists of skin, fascia, nerves, vessels, muscles, and bones. The thoracic cavity, surrounded by the thoracic wall, contains the lungs, pleura and pleural cavity and mediastinum
3表面标志 Surface Landmarks ①颈静脉切迹 The jugular notch ②胸骨角 The sternal angle( of louis) ③剑突 The xiphoid process ④肋弓 The costal margin( costal arch) ⑤胸骨下角 The infrasternal angle ⑥锁骨 The clavicle ⑦肩胛骨下角 The inferior angle of scapula ⑧乳头 The nipple
① 颈静脉切迹 The jugular notch ② 胸骨角The sternal angle (of Louis) ③ 剑突The xiphoid process ④ 肋弓The costal margin (costal arch) ⑤ 胸骨下角The infrasternal angle ⑥ 锁骨 The clavicle ⑦ 肩胛骨下角The inferior angle of scapula ⑧ 乳头The nipple 3.表面标志 Surface Landmarks
颈静脉切迹 Supra Acromion of scapula ernum Coracoid prc [of scapula Glenoid cavity [of scapula Manubrium of sternum Sternal angle Neck of scapula Body of sternum Subscapular fossa (of scapula True ribs Xiphoid process of sternum Floating ribs Costal cartilages
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