1321癌的起因 吵外因致癌物( carcinogens)或称诱变剂 ( mutagen) 化学致癌物(直接诱变剂,间接诱变剂 癌促进剂 物理致癌:辐射(中子、gama射线,UV) 生物致癌(肿瘤病毒, DNA RNA病毒)
13.2.1 癌的起因 外因 致癌物(carcinogens)或称诱变剂 (mutagen) 化学致癌物(直接诱变剂,间接诱变剂 癌促进剂) 物理致癌:辐射(中子、gama射线,UV) 生物致癌(肿瘤病毒, DNA RNA病毒)
→内因体液因素(激素) 免疫因素 遗传因素 慢性炎症 氧自由基(反应性氧中间物Ro|;或 反应性氧离子RoS)
内因 体液因素 (激素) 免疫因素 遗传因素 慢性炎症 氧自由基(反应性氧中间物ROI ; 或 反应 性氧离子 ROS)
化学致癌物 Smoking Food contamination Benzo(a)pyrene Deamination Aflatoxin B1 245 247 248 251 GCC- ATG- AAG- CGG- AGG- CCC- ATC CCG- TAC- TTG- GCC- TCC- GGG-TAG 246 249 250 Endogenous Deamination process Sun e. g, liver exposure metabolism Figure 16.7 The mechanism of action of chemical car cInogens
化学致癌物
133肿瘤发生遗传学 →肿瘤抑制基因、癌基因与原癌基因 ◆肿瘤抑制基因( tumor suppressor gene) 癌基因( oncogene) ●细胞痘基因 ●病毒癌基因 原癌基因( proto- oncogene)
13.3 肿瘤发生遗传学 肿瘤抑制基因、癌基因与原癌基因 ◆ 肿瘤抑制基因 (tumor suppressor gene) ◆癌基因(oncogene) ●细胞癌基因 ●病毒癌基因 ◆原癌基因(proto-oncogene)
原癌基因主要有 (1 The extracellular signaling molecules 2 The membrane receptors for the signal molecules(e.g HER-2/neu(erbB-2 8 The growth factor receptor, 4 The signal-transduction proteins(e.g. ras and src) The transcription factors in the nucleus(e. g. myc 6 The enzymes that function in dNa replication(for example, hTERD The genes that resist apoptosis and promote survival e.g. Bcl-2, a membrane associated protein that functions to prevent apoptosis
原癌基因主要有 • ① The extracellular signaling molecules, • ② The membrane receptors for the signal molecules(e.g.HER-2/neu (erbB-2), • ③ The growth factor receptor, • ④ The signal-transduction proteins(e.g. ras and src), • ⑤ The transcription factors in the nucleus(e.g. myc), • ⑥ The enzymes that function in DNA replication (for example, hTERT). • ⑦ The genes that resist apoptosis and promote survival, e.g.Bcl-2, a membrane associated protein that functions to prevent apoptosis